Mobility and Tissue Integrity Exam 3 Flashcards
________ is the state or quality of being mobile or movable; it includes gross and fine motor movement.
Mobility
_____________ means having a loss of physical fitness.
Deconditioned
If a person has impaired _________ mobility, they have a limitation in physical movement but they are still mobile (not immobile)
physical
If a person has impaired ___ mobility, they are unable to change positions in bed independently.
bed
Immobility can affect all of the body systems
- Cardiovascular – reduced cardiac capacity
- Respiratory –reduced lung expansion and atelectasis and reduced capacity for gas exchange
- Musculoskeletal –reductions in muscle mass and atrophy
- Integument – reduced flow of oxygenated blood causes hypoxemia – increasing the risk from skin breakdown
- Gastrointestinal – reduced peristalsis, reduced appetite, constipation
- Urinary – renal calculi (results from a stasis of urine in the renal pelvis), urinary stasis and infection
- Psychological – boredom, depression, feelings of helplessness/hopelessness, grieving, anxiety, anger
Study
Fracture Classifications
____ fractures, also called compound, mean the skin is broken
______, also called simple, means the skin is not broken
_________ means the bone is broken all the way through
__________ means bone is not broken through
__________ means there are multiple bone fragments
_________ is a fracture at a right angle
_______ is a fracture at a 45 degree angle
______ is a fracture parallel to the long axis of the bone
______ is a fracture that curves around the bone; may trigger concern about abuse if a child has this type of directional fracture
Open
Closed
Complete
Incomplete
Comminuted
Transverse
Oblique
Linear
Spiral
Minor Force Fractures
______ fractures: hidden
____________: bone diseased to begin with
______: breaks after repeated stress on the bone
__________: fracture to only one side
Occult
Pathological
Stress
Greenstick
Moderate to Severe Force Fractures
_________: no longer appropriately aligned
________: compression fracture; common in vertebrae
Displaced
Impacted
Risks for Fractures
Trauma (highest risk)
Osteoporosis (bone density decreases, especially in older women)
Poor nutrition (need vitamin D and calcium)
Bone disease
Age
Study
Complications to Fracture Healing
Fat ______
- Usually occurs after break in the _____
- There is release of a fat globule following a fracture to a ____ bone
- The fat that is released from the bone marrow travels to the heart and lungs (the fat becomes a pulmonary embolism)
- Results in dyspnea, ___________, and chest pain
emboli
femur
long
tachycardia
Complications to Fracture Healing
______________
- Occurs with rapid breakdown of muscle, especially after compartment syndrome
- It is the rapid breakdown of muscle, which causes release of intracellular myoglobin into the blood (myoglobinemia)
- The myoglobin may be filtered, but it can then precipitate in the tubules and obstruct flow, therefore causing _____ failure
- If it is excreted in the urine, the urine will be a dark _____ color (myoglobinuria)
Rhabdomyolysis
renal
brown
Complications to Fracture Healing
__________ syndrome
- Occurs often in people with a cast on (because it adds pressure when swelling exceeds space provided by the cast) or with a circumferential burn (because there is swelling all around the arm and skin can only stretch so far)
- There is injury to the soft tissue that leads to edema and pressure on local nerves and vessels
- The pressure on the muscles and soft tissues _________ the blood supply so there is ischemia and neural injury
- There is decreased color, motion, and sensation, which is manifested by these characteristics: 5p’s
1. Pallor (white color)
2. Pain
3. _____________
4. Paresis (muscle weakness)
5. Paresthesias (tingling) - Tissue becomes infarcted if the ischemia is not reversed
- There is possible _____ and severe muscle cell infarction
- When the muscle cells ___,
1. They release potassium so there is hyperkalemia that leads to acidosis and dysrhythmias
2. They release myoglobin, which creates myoglobinemia that causes rhabdomyolysis, which may lead to renal failure
Compartment
decreases
Pulselessness
shock
die
__________ contracture: permanent muscle & tendon shortening due to fibrotic changes from muscle spasm or weakness
Pathologic
______ atrophy is reduction in the normal size of muscle fibers after prolonged inactivity from bed rest or from nerve damage
Disuse
Three characteristics of wound healing:
- _______ in the wound
- _______ the wound (epithelialization)
- _________ the wound (contraction)
- So scar should be smaller than actual wound
Filling
Sealing
Shrinking
