Mobility, Activity, Sleep and Rest Flashcards
refers to a person’s routine of exercise, activity, leisure, and recreation
Activity-Exercise Pattern
Activity-Exercise Pattern includes:
(a)activities of daily living (ADLs)
(b) the type, quality, and quantity of exercise, including
sports
is the ability to move freely, easily, rhythmically, and purposefully in the environment, is an essential part of
living.
Mobility
VITAL TO INDEPENDENCE
Mobility
Four basic elements of Normal Movement
- Body alignment (posture)
- Joint mobility
- Balance
- Coordinated Movements
Factors Affecting Body Alignment and Activity
× Growth and development
× Nutrition
× Personal values and attitudes
× Certain external factors
× Prescribed limitations
decrease risk factors for chronic diseases and to increase their health and well-being
Exercise
the ability of the body to perform work
Functional strength
type and amount of exercise or ADLs an individual is able to perform without experiencing adverse effects.
Activity tolerance
Types of Exercise according to type of muscle contraction:
× Isotonic (dynamic)
× Isometric (static or setting)
× Isokinetic (resistive)
Types of Exercise according to source of energy:
× Aerobic
× Anaerobic
Benefits of Exercise
× Musculoskeletal
× Cardiovascular
× Respiratory
× Gastrointestinal
× Metabolic/Endocrine
× Urinary
× Immune
× Psychoneurologic (Neuropsychology)
the study of the relationships between the brain and behavior.
Neuropsychology
Causes of Immobility
× Musculoskeletal problems
× Neurologic problems
× Inactive lifestyle
× Inner ear infections or dizziness
× Congenital problems
client moves each joint in the body through its complete range of movement
Active ROM Exercise
another person moves the client’s joints
Passive ROM Exercise
describe the efficient, coordinated and safe use of the body to move objects and carry out ADLs.
Body Mechanics
Reduces energy requirements and risk for injury
Body Mechanics
Positioning Clients
Done regularly (every 2 hours)
Mechanical Aids for Walking
Canes
Walkers
Crutches
Canes should be placed at
unaffected side
complication of using Crutches
crutch palsy
Never apply pressure on the __________ to prevent crutch
palsy
axilla
Biological clock coinciding with sleep-wake cycles
Circadian Rhythms
Circadian Rhythms
- From the Latin _________, meaning “_______________”
circa dies; about a day
Controlled from within the body and synchronized with environmental factors, such as light and darkness
Circadian Rhythms
Types of Sleep
- NREM (non-rapid-eye-movement)
- REM (rapid-eye-movement)
75-80% of sleep
NREM (non-rapid-eye-movement)
every 90 minutes, lasting 30 minutes.
REM (rapid-eye-movement)
Most dreams take place during ___________ but will not usually be remembered.
REM sleep
Restores levels of activity and normal balance among
parts of the nervous system
Sleep
Newborns
sleep 16 to 18 hours/day; 1-3 hours spent awake
Infants
awaken every 3 to 4 hours; by 6 months, most infants sleep through the night
Toddlers
12 to 14 hours of sleep are recommended
Preschoolers
11 to 13 hours per night
School-age children
10 to 11 hours of sleep
Adolescents
9 to 10 hours
Adults
7 to 9 hours
Elders
awaken 1.3 hours earlier and go to bed 1 hour earlier
sleep deprivation
Insufficient sleep
obtains sufficient sleep at night but still cannot stay awake during the day
Hypersomnia
caused by the lack of chemical hypocretin in the CNS
Narcolepsy
e.g., sleepwalking, sleep talking
Parasomnias
inability to fall asleep or remain asleep
Insomnia
frequent short breathing pauses during sleep
Sleep apnea
Factors Affecting Sleep
× Illness
× Environment
× Lifestyle
× Emotional stress
× Stimulants and alcohol
× Diet
× Smoking
× Motivation
× Medications
Diagnostic Studies
× Electroencephalogram (EEG)
× Electromyogram (EMG)
× Electro-oculogram (EOG)
Benefits of daily rest and relaxation:
× reduced stress and anxiety
× improved mood
× decreased blood pressure
× chronic pain relief
× improved immune health
× stronger cardiovascular system
