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Fundamentals in Nursing - Lecture > Asepsis and Infection Control > Flashcards

Asepsis and Infection Control Flashcards

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1
Q

are directly involved in providing a biologically safe environment

A

Nurses

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2
Q

freedom from disease-causing microorganisms

A

Asepsis

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3
Q

Two Types of Asepsis:

A
  • Medical Asepsis/clean technique
  • Surgical asepsis/aseptic technique
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4
Q

all practices intended to confine a specific microorganism to an area.

A

Medical Asepsis/clean technique

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5
Q

practices that keep an area or object free from all microorganism

A

Surgical asepsis/aseptic technique

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6
Q

state of infection and can take many forms, including
septic shock.

A

Sepsis

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7
Q

Types of microorganisms that cause infections: FOUR CATEGORIES:

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Viruses
  3. Fungi
  4. Parasites
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8
Q

The most-common infection-causing microorganism

A

BACTERIA

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9
Q

Can be transported through air, water, food, soil, body tissues and fluids, and inanimate objects.

A

BACTERIA

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10
Q
  • Consist primarily of nucleic acid
  • Must enter living cells in order to reproduce
A

VIruses

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11
Q

Common examples of Viruses:

A
  • Rhinovirus (colds)
  • Hepatitis
  • Herpes
  • HIV
  • SARS-CoV-2
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12
Q

virus that causes colds

A

Rhinovirus

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13
Q

Yeasts and molds

A

FUNGI

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14
Q

yeast considered to be normal flora in the human vagina

A

Candida albicans

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15
Q
  • Live on other living organisms.
  • Protozoas
A

PARASITES

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16
Q

Examples of Parasites:

A
  • Malaria
  • Helminths (worms)
  • Anthropods (mites, fleas, ticks)
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17
Q

microorganisms invades body part where the host’s defense
mechanisms are ineffective; pathogens causes tissue damage

A

INFECTION

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18
Q

Types of Infection

A
  • Local
  • Systemic
  • Acute
  • Chronic
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19
Q

Limited to a specific part of the body

A

Local

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20
Q

The microorganism spread and damage different body parts

A

Systemic

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21
Q
  • sudden
  • Last a short time
A

Acute

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22
Q
  • Slowly
  • May last months or years
A

Chronic

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23
Q

blood culture is (+) of microorganisms

A

Bacteremia

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24
Q

bacteremia resulting in systemic infection

A

Septicemia

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25
Q

Associated with the deliver of health care services in a health care facility

A

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

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26
Q

types of NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS

A

Endogenous or exogenous

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27
Q

Common microorganisms in NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS:

A
  • Escherichia coli
  • Staphylococcus aureus
  • enterococci
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28
Q

Direct result of diagnostic or therapeutic infections

A

IATROGENIC INFECTION

29
Q

Common example of IATROGENIC INFECTION:

A

IV infiltration or extravasation

30
Q

Methods of Transmission

A
  1. Direct Transmission
  2. Indirect Transmission
  3. Airborne Transmission
31
Q

TYpes of Indirect Transmission

A

a. Vehicle-born transmission
b. Vector-borne transmission

32
Q

Immediate and direct transfer; or if the source and host are 3 feet of each other

A

Direct Transmission

33
Q

touching, biting, kissing, sexual intercourse

A

Direct Transmission

34
Q

Sneezing, coughing, spitting, talking

A

Direct Transmission

35
Q

Droplets or dustcontaining infectious agents that is transmitted in the air/remain in the air for long periods.

A

Airborne Transmission

36
Q

substance that serves as an intermediate means to transport /introduce an infectious agent

A

Vehicle

37
Q

inanimate objects/materials

A

Fomite

38
Q

animal or insect that serves as an intermediate means to
transport an infectious agent

A

Vector

39
Q

CATEGORIES of body defenses:

A
  1. Nonspecific Defenses
  2. Specific Defenses
40
Q

Types of Nonspecific Defenses

A

a. Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers
b. Inflammatory Response

41
Q

Types of Specific Defenses

A

a. Antibody-mediated Defenses
b. Cell-mediated Defenses

42
Q
  • Intact skin and mucous membranes
  • Nasal passages: cilia
  • Body orifice: saliva
  • Eye: tears
  • Stomach: high acidity
  • Vagina: Lactobacilli
A

Anatomic and Physiologic Barriers

43
Q

Nasal passages

A

cilia

44
Q

Body orifice

A

saliva

45
Q

Eye

A

tears

46
Q

Stomach

A

high acidity

47
Q

Vagina

A

Lactobacilli

48
Q

defensive response of the tissues to an injurious or infectious agent

A

Inflammation

49
Q

5 signs of Inflammation:

A
  1. Pain
  2. Swelling
  3. Redness
  4. Heat
  5. Impaired function of the part, if severe.
50
Q

part of body’s plasma proteins

A

Antibodies/Immunoglobulins

51
Q

major types of Antibodies/Immunoglobulins:

A

active and passive

52
Q

Host produces antibodies in response to artificial antigens
(vaccines) or natural antigens (infectious microorganisms)

A

Active Immunity

53
Q
  • Acquired
  • The host receives natural (e.g., from a nursing mother) or artificial (e.g., from an immune serum) antibodies produced by another source.
A

Passive Immunity

54
Q
  • lymphoid tissues release large numbers ofactivated T cells into the lymph system.
  • these T cells pass into the general circulation.
A

Cell-mediated defenses/cellular immunity

55
Q

FACTORS INCREASING SUSCEPTIBILITY TO INFECTION

A
  1. Age
  2. Heredity
  3. Level of Stress
  4. Nutritional Status
  5. Current medical therapy
  6. Preexisting medical process
56
Q

newborns and older adults have reduced defenses against infection

A

Age

57
Q

some people have genetic susceptibility to certain infections

A

Heredity

58
Q

stress elevates blood cortisone decreases anti-inflammatory responses.

A

Level of Stress

59
Q

antibodies are proteins; Therefore, the body needs enough
protein to boost immune system.

A

Nutritional Status

60
Q

used on skin or tissue

A

Antiseptic

61
Q

used on inanimate objects

A

Disinfectant

62
Q

Antiseptic and Disinfectant both have ______________________________________

A

bacteriostatic and bactericidal

63
Q

destroys all microorganisms

A

Sterilization

64
Q

Methods of Sterilization

A
  • Moist Heat
  • Gas
  • Boiling Water
  • Radiation
65
Q

PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

A
  • Gloves
  • Gowns
  • Mask
  • Eyewear
66
Q

TRANSMISSION-BASED PRECAUTION

A
  • Airborne Precaution
  • Droplet Precaution
  • Contact Precaution
67
Q
  • Private room that has a negative pressure; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
  • N95 respirator
  • surgical mask on the patient during transport
A

Airborne Precaution

68
Q
  • Private room; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
  • mask if working within 3 feet
  • surgical mask on the patient during transport
A

Droplet Precaution

69
Q
  • Private room; room with another client infected with the same microorganism
  • gloves; gown if with possibility of contact with infected surfaces
A

Contact Precaution

Fundamentals in Nursing - Lecture (10 decks)

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