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MNSR > MNSR 37 - Human Reproduction: Female Reproductive system > Flashcards

MNSR 37 - Human Reproduction: Female Reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

location of ovaries

A

are located in the lower abdominal cavity below kidneys - each 3cm long
Held in place by two ligaments

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2
Q

2 ligaments holding ovaries in place

A

round ligament and ovarian ligament

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3
Q

ovarian ligament

A

. Connects ovary to side of uterus. It is a fibrous band of tissue that lies within the broad ligament

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4
Q

round ligament

A

and attaches to labia majora

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5
Q

where is the ova(egg) fertilised

A

upper part of the fallopian tube

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6
Q

describe fallopian tube/ mullerian duct

A

tubes are ciliated on their luminal side and leads to uterus which is where implantation of the morula happens

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7
Q

morula

A

solid ball of cells caused by cell division from fertilisation of egg with sperm

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8
Q

uterus shape for humans

A

pear shape - single i.e simplex

we usually only have one baby at a time

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9
Q

uterus shape for most mammals

A

bipartite 1 cervix prominent uterine body e.g cat, dogs or

bicornuate 1 cervix for a small body - pigs

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10
Q

3 layers of uterus

A

perimetrium (outer)
myometrium (middle)
endometrium (inner)

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11
Q

perimetrium

A

covers outside of uterus - thin lining continuous with the mesothelium

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12
Q

myometrium

A

inside is a thick muscular myometrium, of smooth muscle

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13
Q

endometrium

A

forms a glandular inner layer richly supplied with blood vessels; a simple columnar epithelium lines the lumen;

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14
Q

lining of vagina is made of …

A

stratified squamous epithelium resting on basement membrane

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15
Q

lamina propria of vagina

A

under epithelium is a layer of lamina propria, which is rich in elastic fibres, and does not have any glands
Under the lamina propria layer is a layer of smooth muscle, which has an inner circular and outer longitudinal layer.

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16
Q

external genitalia during fetal development

A

with a genital tubercle, a urogenital sinus, and two folds;

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17
Q

genital tubercle development in males

A

extends to become the penis

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18
Q

how does urogenital sinus develop for males

A

Urogenital sinus closes along its base and the folds join to form the scrotal sac

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19
Q

function of scrotal or perineal raphe

A

the scrotal or perineal raphe (i.e. midline of scrotum) mark the position of closure to form the scrotal sac

20
Q

genital tubercle development for females

A

remains relatively small as the clitoris*

21
Q

urogenital sinus development for females

A

Urogenital sinus forms vaginal and urethral orifices

22
Q

how does genital folds develop in females

A

remain open as the inner and outer folds respectively the labia minora and labia majora

23
Q

bartholins glands

A

bulbo-urethral
comparable to cowper’s glands in males
supply mucus for lubrication empty it in vestibule of vagina

24
Q

germinal epithelium

A

covering of ovaries by a single layer of cuboidal epithelial cells continuous with the mesothelium - does not make the egg

25
Q

tunica albuginea

A

originates from the mesonephric stroma that penetrates the ovary
thick connective tissue capsule of the ovary

26
Q

formation of primordial folllicle

A

in early fetal life germ cells move to genital ridge from yolk sac to make primordial follicle containing oögonia)

27
Q

when do humans develop primordial follicle

A

In humans they start to develop between weeks 4 and 8 and are present in the fetus between weeks 5 and 30

28
Q

describe oogonia’s function and how it is made

A

the ova are formed in the ovary from cells called oogonia which proliferate by mitotic division. All of the oogonia enlarge to form primary oocyte
are in the primordial follicle

29
Q

primordial follicles divide by

A

meiosis

30
Q

what do primordial follicles contain

A

primary oöcytes arrested in diplotene of prophase in the first meiotic division;

31
Q

how many primordial follicles may complete oogenesis during a woman’s life

A

450-500

32
Q

how many follicles may be activated at each ovarian cycle and how many reach full maturity

A

20 may be activated by usually one reaches full maturity

33
Q

how many follicles are present at birth

A

500,000 to 1 million follicles present at birth

34
Q

how do granulosa cells hep development of primordial follicle

A

secrete follicular fluid and accumulates in follicular cavities developing within granulosa layer - continues to grow -> secondary follicle
antrum (vacant space) begins to form

35
Q

theca layer

A

theca externa - (outer layer of stromal cells and collagen fibres
theca interna - vascular layer secrete oestrogen covering layer of primordial follicle

36
Q

what is formed in the ovary after 2 weeks

A

graafian follicle - bulges on ovarian surface and burst to release ovulateed secondary oocyte

37
Q

3 cellular layers surrounding antrum

A

membrane granulosa
theca interna
theca externa

38
Q

cumulus oöphorus;

A

bulge of membrana granulosa cells in the antrum in primordial follicle

39
Q

how does egg get rid of extra genetic material

A

graafian follicle before ovulation complete meiosis I to make 2 haploid cells of unequal ce;;

  1. first polar body - discarded nuclear material.
  2. secondary oocyte - receives most cytoplasm begin meiosis II but then stops in metaphase.
40
Q

ovulation

A

release of secondary oöcyte from the ovary

41
Q

remaining cavity that contained secondary oöcyte forms..

A

corpus luteum which begins secreting hormones in preparation for pregnancy

42
Q

cervical cancer

A

from malignancy of epithelial cells of cervix

most common form of female cancer

43
Q

how is cervical cancer detected

A

pap smear to detect early stage

44
Q

endometriosis

A

inflammation of endometrial tissue in the uterus
tissue grows atypically in pelvic cavity
abnormal uterine or rectal bleeding can occur

45
Q

ovarian cysts

A

build up of fluid in ovary to form a cyst controlled by varying hormone
may disappear or enlarge
surgery may be needed if severe but can go away
generally non-malignant

MNSR (17 decks)

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