MMT Hip, knee, and ankle Flashcards
Hip flexion
prime movers
iliopsoas, sartorius, tensor fascia latae, and rectus femoris
against gravity: client sitting with knee flexed and over the edge of surface with foot unsupported, Maybe have them have their hands in a prayer position so they don’t try to stabilize
gravity eliminated: client lying on non-test side, client holds nontest extremity in maximal hip and knee flexion
Hip extension
prime movers
gluteus maximus and semimembranosus, and semitendinosus when knee is flexed
against gravity: client prone with both legs extended and resting on testing surface, client is asked to hold onto edge of testing surface as resistance is applied; client moves testing extremity in the direction of hip extension while knee remains extended
Gravity eliminated: client is lying on nontest side, client hold the nontest extremity in max hip and knee flexion, testing hip is in neutral and knee is flexed (don’t let them try to stabilize with their arms or hands)
Hip abduction
prime movers
sartorius, gluetus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia latae
against gravity: client is lying on nontest side, client holds nontest extremity in max hip and knee flexion, testing extremity is in slight hip extension, neutral rotation, and knee extension
gravity eliminated: client supine with hip and knees extended resting on testing surface
Hip adduction
prime movers
pectineus, adductor magnus, gracilis, adductor longus, and adductor brevis
against gravity: client is lying on his/her side on testing extremity, with hip in neutral and knee extended on testing surface, nontest extremity is in abduction and knee is extended, client moves testing extremity in the direction of hip adduction toward the nontest extremity
gravity eliminated: client supine with hip in neutral and abduction, and knee extended on testing surface
Hip external rotation
prime movers
piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator femoris, obturator internis, obturator externus, gemellus superior, and gemellus inferior POGOGOQ
against gravity: client sitting with testing hip in 90 degrees of flexion, knees flexed at edge of testing surface, midpoint of patella is aligned with the ASIS
gravity eliminated: client supine with testing hip in internal rotation and knee extension
Hip internal rotation
prime movers
gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fascia latae
against gravity: client sitting with testing hip in 90 degrees of flexion, knees flexed at edge of testing surface, the midpoint of patella is aligned with the ASIS
gravity eliminated: client is supine with testing hip in external rotation and knee extension
Knee flexion
prime movers
medial hamstrings-semitendinosus and semimembranosus; lateral hamstrings- biceps femoris
against gravity: client is prone, testing knee is extended and the foot is over edge of testing surface
gravity eliminated: client lying on nontest side, the testing hip and knee are extended
Knee extension
prime movers
rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis
against gravity: client sitting with a pad supported under the distal thigh, testing knee is flexed and lower leg and feet are over edge of testing surface
gravity eliminated: client is lying on nontest side, testing hip is extended and knee is flexed
Ankle dorsiflexion
prime movers
tibialis anterior
against gravity: client is sitting with lower leg and feet over edge of testing surface, the ankle is in plantar flexion and foot is in neutral, client moves testing extremity into dorsiflexion and with toes relaxed
gravity eliminated: client lying on test side, testing hip is extended, knee is flexed, and ankle is in plantar flexion
Ankle plantar flexion
prime movers
gastrocnemius, soleus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, and tibialis posterior
against gravity: client prone with knee extended and feet are over edge of testing surface, ankle is in dorsiflexion, client moves testing extremity into plantar flexion with toes relaxed
gravity eliminated: client lying on test side, nontest knee is flexed, testing knee is extended and the ankle is in dorsiflexion