Ankle joint and foot

Question 1

Functional aspects of the foot

Answer 1

hinfoot

midfoot

forefoot

Question 2

Ankle motions

Answer 2

plantar flexion/dorsiflexion (sagittal plane)

inversion/eversion (frontal plane)

adduction/abduction (transverse plane)

supination (plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction)

pronation (dorsiflexion, eversion, and adduction)

Question 3

ankle joints

Answer 3

talotibial joint

subtalar joint

transverse tarsal joint

Question 4

foot joints

Answer 4

metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP)

proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)

distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)

Question 5

Foot motion

Answer 5

MTP: flexion, extension/hyperextension, adduction/abduction

PIP and DIP: flexion and extension

Question 6

Joint capsule (foot/ankle?)

Answer 6

deltoid ligament (4 parts)

lateral ligament (3 parts)

Question 7

Arches (4)

Answer 7

medial longitudinal arch

lateral longitudinal arch

transverse arch

look at slides

Question 8

Plantar ligaments and aponeurosis

Answer 8

spring ligament, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, plantar aponeurosis

Question 9

Muscles of the ankle and foot: superficial posterior group

Answer 9

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

Question 10

muscles of the ankle and foot: deep posterior group

Answer 10

tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus

Question 11

Soleus muscle

Answer 11

O-posterior tibia and fibula
I- posterior calcaneus
A- ankle plantar flexion
N- tibial nerve (S1,2)

Question 12

Plantaris muscle

Answer 12

O-posterior lateral condyle of femur
I- posterior calcaneus
A- very weak assist in knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion
N- tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 13

Tibialis Posterior Muscle

Answer 13

O- interosseous membrane, adjacent tibia and fibula
I- navicular and most tarsals and metatarsals
A- ankle inversion; assists in plantar flexion
N- tibial nerve (L5, S1)

Question 14

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle (more lateral)

Answer 14

O- posterior fibula and interosseous membrane
I- distal phalanx of the great toe
A- flexes great toe; assists in inversion and plantar flexion of the ankle
N- tibial nerve (l5, S1, S2)

Question 15

Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle (more medial)

Answer 15

O- posterior tibia
I- distal phalanx of four lesser toes
A- flexes the four lesser toes; assist in ankle inversion and plantar flexion of the ankle
N- tibial nerve (L5, S1)

Question 16

Muscles of the ankle and foot: anterior group

Answer 16

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus

Question 17

Muscles of the ankle and foot: lateral group

Answer 17

peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius

Question 18

Tibialis anterior muscle

Answer 18

O- lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
I- first cuneiform and first metatarsal
A- ankle inversion and dorsiflexion
N- deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 19

Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle

Answer 19

O- fibula and interosseous membrane
I- distal phalanx of great toe
A- extends first toe: assist in ankle inversion and dorsiflexion
N- deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 20

Extensor Digitorum Longus muscle

Answer 20

O- fibula, interosseous membrane, tibia
I- Distal phalanx of four lesser toes
A- extends four lesser toes, assists in ankle dorsiflexion
N-deep peroneal nerve (l4, L5, S1)

Question 21

Peroneus Longus muscle

Answer 21

O- lateral proximal fibula and interosseous membrane
I- plantar surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal
A- ankle eversion; assists in ankle plantar flexion
N- superficial peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 22

Peroneus Brevis muscle

Answer 22

O- lateral distal fibula
I- base of 5th metatarsal
A- ankle eversion; assist in plantar flexion
N- superficial peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 23

Peroneus Tertius muscle

Answer 23

O- distal medial fibula
I- base of 5th metatarsal
A- assist somewhat in ankle eversion and dorsiflexion
N- deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

Question 24

Common ankle pathologies

Answer 24

shin splints

pes cavus-abnormally high arch

pes planus-flat foot, loss of medial longitudinal arch

metatarsalgia-pain around the metatarsal heads

ankle sprain

ankle fracture

plantar fasciitis- pain in the heel from overuse

Question 25

muscles located on the posterior leg and plantar surface of the foot receive innervation from which nerve?

Answer 25

tibial nerve

Question 26

muscles on the lateral side of the leg are innervated by which nerve?

Answer 26

superficial fibular nerve, the exception is the fibularis tertius muscle because it crosses the ankle anteriorly and receives innervation with the other anterior muscles from the deep fibular nerve

Question 27

the deep fibular nerve innervates which muscles?

Answer 27

anterior muscles of the leg plus the fibularis tertius muscle

Question 28

Which of the following is NOT a muscle that moves the foot?
sartorius
soleus
tibialis anterior
peroneus longus

Answer 28

sartorius

Question 29

Which muscles together are sometimes referred to as the stirrup of the foot?

Answer 29

fibularis longus and tibialis anterior

Question 30

ankle sprain involves

Answer 30

stretching or tearing of ligaments

Question 31

ankle strain involves

Answer 31

stretching or tearing of muscle belly or tendons
grade 1 strain
grade 2 strain
grade 3 strain

Question 32

posterior or lateral side of foot? Tom, Dick, An, Harry

don’t need to memorize the foot sensroy & integration slide? (right before Foot Muscles-Dorsal slide)

Answer 32

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
medial plantar nerve, tibial nerve

Question 33

superficial layer

Answer 33

abductor brevis hallucis, digital brevis, abductor digiti minimi (hang loose sign)

Question 34

2nd layer- 4 lumbricals qaudratus something?

Answer 34

adductor hallucis, -3rd layer

4th layer- 3 plantar, 4dorsal interossei