Ankle joint and foot Flashcards
Functional aspects of the foot
hinfoot
midfoot
forefoot
Ankle motions
plantar flexion/dorsiflexion (sagittal plane)
inversion/eversion (frontal plane)
adduction/abduction (transverse plane)
supination (plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction)
pronation (dorsiflexion, eversion, and adduction)
ankle joints
talotibial joint
subtalar joint
transverse tarsal joint
foot joints
metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP)
proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)
distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)
Foot motion
MTP: flexion, extension/hyperextension, adduction/abduction
PIP and DIP: flexion and extension
Joint capsule (foot/ankle?)
deltoid ligament (4 parts)
lateral ligament (3 parts)
Arches (4)
medial longitudinal arch
lateral longitudinal arch
transverse arch
look at slides
Plantar ligaments and aponeurosis
spring ligament, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, plantar aponeurosis
Muscles of the ankle and foot: superficial posterior group
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
muscles of the ankle and foot: deep posterior group
tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus
Soleus muscle
O-posterior tibia and fibula
I- posterior calcaneus
A- ankle plantar flexion
N- tibial nerve (S1,2)
Plantaris muscle
O-posterior lateral condyle of femur
I- posterior calcaneus
A- very weak assist in knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion
N- tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Tibialis Posterior Muscle
O- interosseous membrane, adjacent tibia and fibula
I- navicular and most tarsals and metatarsals
A- ankle inversion; assists in plantar flexion
N- tibial nerve (L5, S1)
Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle (more lateral)
O- posterior fibula and interosseous membrane
I- distal phalanx of the great toe
A- flexes great toe; assists in inversion and plantar flexion of the ankle
N- tibial nerve (l5, S1, S2)
Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle (more medial)
O- posterior tibia
I- distal phalanx of four lesser toes
A- flexes the four lesser toes; assist in ankle inversion and plantar flexion of the ankle
N- tibial nerve (L5, S1)
Muscles of the ankle and foot: anterior group
tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus
Muscles of the ankle and foot: lateral group
peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius
Tibialis anterior muscle
O- lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
I- first cuneiform and first metatarsal
A- ankle inversion and dorsiflexion
N- deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle
O- fibula and interosseous membrane
I- distal phalanx of great toe
A- extends first toe: assist in ankle inversion and dorsiflexion
N- deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Extensor Digitorum Longus muscle
O- fibula, interosseous membrane, tibia
I- Distal phalanx of four lesser toes
A- extends four lesser toes, assists in ankle dorsiflexion
N-deep peroneal nerve (l4, L5, S1)
Peroneus Longus muscle
O- lateral proximal fibula and interosseous membrane
I- plantar surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal
A- ankle eversion; assists in ankle plantar flexion
N- superficial peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Peroneus Brevis muscle
O- lateral distal fibula
I- base of 5th metatarsal
A- ankle eversion; assist in plantar flexion
N- superficial peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Peroneus Tertius muscle
O- distal medial fibula
I- base of 5th metatarsal
A- assist somewhat in ankle eversion and dorsiflexion
N- deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Common ankle pathologies
shin splints
pes cavus-abnormally high arch
pes planus-flat foot, loss of medial longitudinal arch
metatarsalgia-pain around the metatarsal heads
ankle sprain
ankle fracture
plantar fasciitis- pain in the heel from overuse
muscles located on the posterior leg and plantar surface of the foot receive innervation from which nerve?
tibial nerve
muscles on the lateral side of the leg are innervated by which nerve?
superficial fibular nerve, the exception is the fibularis tertius muscle because it crosses the ankle anteriorly and receives innervation with the other anterior muscles from the deep fibular nerve
the deep fibular nerve innervates which muscles?
anterior muscles of the leg plus the fibularis tertius muscle
Which of the following is NOT a muscle that moves the foot? sartorius soleus tibialis anterior peroneus longus
sartorius
Which muscles together are sometimes referred to as the stirrup of the foot?
fibularis longus and tibialis anterior
ankle sprain involves
stretching or tearing of ligaments
ankle strain involves
stretching or tearing of muscle belly or tendons
grade 1 strain
grade 2 strain
grade 3 strain
posterior or lateral side of foot? Tom, Dick, An, Harry
don’t need to memorize the foot sensroy & integration slide? (right before Foot Muscles-Dorsal slide)
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
medial plantar nerve, tibial nerve
superficial layer
abductor brevis hallucis, digital brevis, abductor digiti minimi (hang loose sign)
2nd layer- 4 lumbricals qaudratus something?
adductor hallucis, -3rd layer
4th layer- 3 plantar, 4dorsal interossei
