Ankle joint and foot Flashcards

1
Q

Functional aspects of the foot

A

hinfoot

midfoot

forefoot

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2
Q

Ankle motions

A

plantar flexion/dorsiflexion (sagittal plane)

inversion/eversion (frontal plane)

adduction/abduction (transverse plane)

supination (plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction)

pronation (dorsiflexion, eversion, and adduction)

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3
Q

ankle joints

A

talotibial joint

subtalar joint

transverse tarsal joint

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4
Q

foot joints

A

metatarsophalangeal joints (MTP)

proximal interphalangeal joints (PIP)

distal interphalangeal joints (DIP)

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5
Q

Foot motion

A

MTP: flexion, extension/hyperextension, adduction/abduction

PIP and DIP: flexion and extension

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6
Q

Joint capsule (foot/ankle?)

A

deltoid ligament (4 parts)

lateral ligament (3 parts)

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7
Q

Arches (4)

A

medial longitudinal arch

lateral longitudinal arch

transverse arch

look at slides

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8
Q

Plantar ligaments and aponeurosis

A

spring ligament, long plantar ligament, short plantar ligament, plantar aponeurosis

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9
Q

Muscles of the ankle and foot: superficial posterior group

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris

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10
Q

muscles of the ankle and foot: deep posterior group

A

tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus

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11
Q

Soleus muscle

A

O-posterior tibia and fibula
I- posterior calcaneus
A- ankle plantar flexion
N- tibial nerve (S1,2)

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12
Q

Plantaris muscle

A

O-posterior lateral condyle of femur
I- posterior calcaneus
A- very weak assist in knee flexion and ankle plantar flexion
N- tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

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13
Q

Tibialis Posterior Muscle

A

O- interosseous membrane, adjacent tibia and fibula
I- navicular and most tarsals and metatarsals
A- ankle inversion; assists in plantar flexion
N- tibial nerve (L5, S1)

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14
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus Muscle (more lateral)

A

O- posterior fibula and interosseous membrane
I- distal phalanx of the great toe
A- flexes great toe; assists in inversion and plantar flexion of the ankle
N- tibial nerve (l5, S1, S2)

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15
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle (more medial)

A

O- posterior tibia
I- distal phalanx of four lesser toes
A- flexes the four lesser toes; assist in ankle inversion and plantar flexion of the ankle
N- tibial nerve (L5, S1)

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16
Q

Muscles of the ankle and foot: anterior group

A

tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus

17
Q

Muscles of the ankle and foot: lateral group

A

peroneus longus, peroneus brevis, peroneus tertius

18
Q

Tibialis anterior muscle

A

O- lateral tibia and interosseous membrane
I- first cuneiform and first metatarsal
A- ankle inversion and dorsiflexion
N- deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

19
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle

A

O- fibula and interosseous membrane
I- distal phalanx of great toe
A- extends first toe: assist in ankle inversion and dorsiflexion
N- deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

20
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus muscle

A

O- fibula, interosseous membrane, tibia
I- Distal phalanx of four lesser toes
A- extends four lesser toes, assists in ankle dorsiflexion
N-deep peroneal nerve (l4, L5, S1)

21
Q

Peroneus Longus muscle

A

O- lateral proximal fibula and interosseous membrane
I- plantar surface of first cuneiform and metatarsal
A- ankle eversion; assists in ankle plantar flexion
N- superficial peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

22
Q

Peroneus Brevis muscle

A

O- lateral distal fibula
I- base of 5th metatarsal
A- ankle eversion; assist in plantar flexion
N- superficial peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

23
Q

Peroneus Tertius muscle

A

O- distal medial fibula
I- base of 5th metatarsal
A- assist somewhat in ankle eversion and dorsiflexion
N- deep peroneal nerve (L4, L5, S1)

24
Q

Common ankle pathologies

A

shin splints

pes cavus-abnormally high arch

pes planus-flat foot, loss of medial longitudinal arch

metatarsalgia-pain around the metatarsal heads

ankle sprain

ankle fracture

plantar fasciitis- pain in the heel from overuse

25
Q

muscles located on the posterior leg and plantar surface of the foot receive innervation from which nerve?

A

tibial nerve

26
Q

muscles on the lateral side of the leg are innervated by which nerve?

A

superficial fibular nerve, the exception is the fibularis tertius muscle because it crosses the ankle anteriorly and receives innervation with the other anterior muscles from the deep fibular nerve

27
Q

the deep fibular nerve innervates which muscles?

A

anterior muscles of the leg plus the fibularis tertius muscle

28
Q
Which of the following is NOT a muscle that moves the foot?
sartorius
soleus
tibialis anterior
peroneus longus
A

sartorius

29
Q

Which muscles together are sometimes referred to as the stirrup of the foot?

A

fibularis longus and tibialis anterior

30
Q

ankle sprain involves

A

stretching or tearing of ligaments

31
Q

ankle strain involves

A

stretching or tearing of muscle belly or tendons
grade 1 strain
grade 2 strain
grade 3 strain

32
Q

posterior or lateral side of foot? Tom, Dick, An, Harry

don’t need to memorize the foot sensroy & integration slide? (right before Foot Muscles-Dorsal slide)

A

tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
medial plantar nerve, tibial nerve

33
Q

superficial layer

A

abductor brevis hallucis, digital brevis, abductor digiti minimi (hang loose sign)

34
Q

2nd layer- 4 lumbricals qaudratus something?

A

adductor hallucis, -3rd layer

4th layer- 3 plantar, 4dorsal interossei