Hip Flashcards
Nerves of the hip
- Femoral nerve
- Obturator nerve
- Sciatic nerve
Anterior muscles of the hip
One joint muscles:
-Iliopsoas
Two joint muscles:
- Rectus femoris
- Sartorius
Medial muscles of the hip
One joint muscles:
- Pectineus
- Adductor Magnus
- Adductor Longus
- Adductor Brevis
Posterior muscles of the hip
One joint muscles:
- Gluteus maximus
- deep rotators (6)
Two joint muscles:
- Semimembranosus
- Semitendinosus
- Biceps femoris
Lateral muscles of the hip
One joint muscles:
- Gluteus medius
- Gluteus minimus
Two joint muscles:
-Tensor Fascia Latae
Hip motion
Flexion Extension Abduction Adduction External/internal rotation
Hip fractures
- Subcapital neck fracture
- Transcervical neck fracture
- Intertrochanteric fracture
- Subtrochanteric fracture
- Fracture of the greater trochanter
- Fracture of the lesser trochanter
Hip pathologies:
Iliotibial Band Syndrome (IBS)
-inflammation of the iliotibial band (ITB) causes outer knee pain and possible pain in the hip
Hip bone referred to as:
innominate bone (ilium, ischium, and pubis fused together)
Hip joint is very important in:
weight-bearing and walking activities
End feel of all hip joint motions, except flexion is:
firm because of tension in the capsule, ligaments, and muscles
End feel for hip joint flexion:
soft because of contact between the anterior thigh and the abdomen
Open-packed position for the hip is:
30 degrees of flexion, 30 degrees of abduction, and a small degree of lateral rotation
this is the position where maximal joint surface movement is possible
hip joint is a convex-on-concave articulation
Iliopsoas Muscle
O- iliac fossa, anterior and lateral surfaces of T12 through L5
I- lesser trochanter
A- Hip Flexion and trunk flexion?
N- iliacus portion: femoral nerve (L2, 3), Psoas major potion: L2, 3
Rectus Femoris
O- AIIS
I- Tibial tuberosity
A- hip flexion, knee extension
N- femoral nerve (L2, 3, 4)
Sartorius muscle
O- ASIS
I- Proximal medial aspect of tibia
A- combination of hip flexion, abduction, lateral rotation, and knee flexion
N- Femoral nerve (L2, 3)
Pectineus Muscle
O- superior ramus of pubis
I- pectineal line of femur
A- hip flexion and adduction
N- femoral nerve (L2, 3)
Adductor Longus Muscle
O- pubis
I- middle third of the linea aspera
A- hip adduction
N- obturator nerve (L2, 3, 4)
most superficial of the adductors
Adductor Brevis Muscle
O- pubis
I- pectineal line and proximal linea aspera
A- hip adduction
N- obturator nerve (L2, 3)
Adductor Magnus muscle
O- ischium and pubis
I- entire linea aspera and adductor tubercle
A- hip adduction
N- obturator and sciatic nerve (L2, 3, 4)
largest and deepest of the adductors
Gracilis muscle
O- pubis
I- anteromedial surface of proximal end of tibia
A- hip adduction
N- obturator nerve (L2, 3)
Gluteus Maximus
O- posterior sacrum and ilium
I- posterior femur distal to greater trochanter and to iliotibial band
A- hip extension, hyperextension, lateral rotation, (abduction also?)
N- inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Largest muscle of the body
Semimembranosus Muscle (thin one on top of it-ish)
one of the 3 “hamstring muscles” that cover the posterior thigh
O- ischial tuberosity
I- posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
A- hip extension and knee flexion
N- sciatic nerve - tibial division (L5, S1, S2)
Semitendinosus Muscle (thick one on cadaver)
one of the 3 “hamstring muscles” that cover the posterior thigh
O- Ischial tuberosity
I- anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
A- hip extension and knee flexion
N- sciatic nerve - tibial division (L5, S1, S2)
Biceps Femoris Muscle
one of the 3 “hamstring muscles” that cover the posterior thigh
O- Long head: ischial tuberosity
Short head: lateral lip of linea aspera
I- fibular head
A- Long head: hip extension and knee flexion
Short head: knee flexion
N- Long head: sciatic nerve - tibial division (L5, S1, S2)
Short head: common fibular (perineal) nerve (L5, S1, S2)
Gluteus Medius Muscle
O- outer surface of the ilium
I- lateral surface of the greater trochanter
A- hip abduction
N- Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Gluteus Minimus Muscle
O- lateral surface of the ilium
I- anterior surface of the greater trochanter
A- hip abduction, medial rotation of hip
N- superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
deep to the medius
Tensor Fascia Lata Muscle
O- ASIS
I- Lateral condyle of tibia (inserts into tibia via iliotibial band)
A- combined hip flexion and abduction
N- superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1)
Common hip pathologies:
- Congenital hip dislocation or dysplasia: occurs when an unusually shallow acetabulum causes the femoral head to slide upward, the joint capsule remains intact though stretched
- Legg-Calve Perthes disease or coxa plana: femoral head undergoes necrosis, usually seen in children between 5-10 years
- Slipped capital femoral epiphysis: seen in children during the growth-spurt years, the proximal epiphysis slips from its normal position on the femoral head
- Coxa valga: neck-shaft angle greater than 125 degrees, makes limb longer, hip ends up being placed in an adducted position during weight-bearing
- Coxa vara: neck-shaft angle is less than the normal 125 degrees, involved limb becomes shorter, dropping the pelvis on that side during weight-bearing
Anteversion
increase in angle of torsion which forces the hip joint into a more medially rotated position, person walks more “toed-in”
Retroversion
decrease in the angle of torsion, forces the hip joint into a more laterally rotated position, causing the person to walk more “toed-out”
Pathology: Hip pointer
-occurs at the pelvis, not the hip joint
-is a severe bruise caused by direct trauma to the iliac crest of the pelvis
can be seen in almost any contact sport but most commonly with football
Longest and heaviest bone in the body?
femur
Which is NOT a muscle of the quadriceps femoris group? vastus intermedius vastus medialis rectus femoris biceps femoris
biceps femoris
What are the muscles of the quadriceps femurs group?
vastus medialis
vastus lateralis
vastus intermedius
rectus femoris
*what muscles insert into the greater trochanter?
*illiopsoas, illiosacus, and psoas major?
which muscle is strained/sprained the most when they sprint?
biceps femoris
Deep Rotator muscles (6):
O- anterior sacrum, ischium, pubis
I- greater trochanter area
A- hip lateral rotation
N- many, look at table 18-3
PGOGOQ (superior to inferior)
Piriformis
attachments:
innervations:
Obrturator externus
attachments:
innervations:
Obturator internus
attachments:
innervations:
Quadratus femoris
attachments:
innervations:
Gemellus superior
attachments:
innervations:
Gemellus inferior
attachments:
innervations:
Which muscle is known for compressing sciatic nerve?
piriformis
