Knee joint Flashcards
joint structure and motions
- flexion and extension with accessory rotation
- screw-home mechanism
- allows for locking of the knee joint - open-chain knee extension
- tibia rotates laterally on the femur - closed-chain knee extension
- femur rotates medially on the tibia
- screw-home mechanism
open chain
knee flexion while standing
closed chain
squat
ligaments and other structures
- anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
- medial and lateral collateral ligaments
- medial and lateral meniscus
- bursae of the knee
- popliteal space
- pes anserine muscle group
Anterior muscles of the knee
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedialis
Rectus Femoris
O-AIIS
I-tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A- hip flexion, knee extension
N-femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
Vastus Lateralis muscle
O-linea aspera
I- tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A- Knee extension
N-Femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
Vastus Medialis muscle
O-linea aspera
I-tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A-knee extension
N-femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
Vastus intermedialis muscle
O- anterior femur
I-tibial tuberosity
A-knee extension
N-femoral nerve (L2,3,4)
Posterior muscles of the knee
Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps Femoris Popliteus Gastrocnemius Tensor fascia latae Gracilis Sartorius
Semimembranosus Muscle
O- ischial tuberosity
I-posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
A- extend hip and flex knee
N-sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
Semitendinosus muscle
O-ischial tuberosity
I-anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
A-extend hip and flex knee
N-sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)
Biceps femoris muscle
O- Long head: ischial tuberosity short head: lateral lip of linea aspera I- fibular head A- long head: extend hip and flex knee Short head: flex knee N- long head: sciatic nerve (S1,2,3) Short head: common perineal nerve (L5,S1,S2)
Popliteus muscle
O-lateral condyle of femur
I-posterior medial condyle of tibia
A-initiates knee flexion
N-tibial nerve (L4,L5,S1)
Gastrocnemius muscle
O-medial and lateral condyles of femur
I- posterior calcaneus
A-knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion
N-tibial nerve (S1,2)
Common knee pathologies
Genu valgum- knock knees
Genu varum- bow legged
Genu recurvatum- “back knees” (knees hyperextend posteriorly)
Patellar tendonitis- jumper’s knee, tenderness at the patellar tendon and results from overuse stress or sudden impact overloading associated with jumping
Osgood-Schlatter disease-common overuse injury among growing adolescents
Baker’s cyst- popliteal cyst, refers to any synovial hernia or bursitis involving the posterior aspect of the knee
More common knee pathologies
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
Chondromalacia patella- softening and degeneration of the cartilage on the posterior aspect of the patella, causing anterior knee pain
Prepatellar bursitis- housemaid’s knee, occurs when there is constant pressure between the skin and the patella
Terrible triad- knee injury caused by a single blow to the knee and involves tears to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and the medial meniscus
Miserable malalignment syndrome
SGT
sartorius (most anterior), gracillis, semitendinosus (most posterior)
the hamstrings ar innervated by what nerve
sciatic
the hamstrings ar innervated by what nerve
sciatic
which ligament prevents the tibia from sliding too far forward (prevents anterior translation, PCL prevents posterior translation)
anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
a painful fluid filled mass on posterior knee is most likely what condition?
Baker’s cyst
what is the distal attachment of the patellar tendon
tibial tuberosity
femoral trochlea is also known as
patellar surface
femoral trochlea is also known as
patellar surface
softening & erosion of patellar hyaline cartilage is called
chondromalacia
inability to evert or dorsiflex means this nerve close to the knee is affected
common peroneal nerve
what is the name of the angle between the quadriceps muscle & patellar tendon
Q angle
what is the name of the angle between the quadriceps muscle & patellar tendon
Q angle
MCL
prevents knee from valgus force
which of the following nerves innervates the gastrocnemius muscle?
tibial
fibularis tertius
passes anterior to the lateral malleolus
innervates posterior leg and plantar foot
tibial nerve
deep fibular nerve also called (innervates EHB & EDB)
peroneal nerve?
plantar flex
plantar nerve
Foot drop may be a symptom of damage to which nerve?
common fibular (peroneal) nerve
commonly donated for grafts
plantaris muscle
considered the stirrup muscles (wrap under the arch)
fibularis longus and tibialis anterior
tibial and common peroneal nerves pass through the popliteal fossa
what artery passes through the
which artery would you palpate to discern a pedal pulse
dorsalis pedis
Terrible triad (unhappy triad)
injury involving the ACL, MCL, & medial meniscus due to
