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Anatomy practical 3 > Knee joint > Flashcards

Knee joint Flashcards

1
Q

joint structure and motions

A
  • flexion and extension with accessory rotation
    • screw-home mechanism
      - allows for locking of the knee joint
    • open-chain knee extension
      - tibia rotates laterally on the femur
    • closed-chain knee extension
      - femur rotates medially on the tibia
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2
Q

open chain

A

knee flexion while standing

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3
Q

closed chain

A

squat

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4
Q

ligaments and other structures

A
  • anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
  • medial and lateral collateral ligaments
  • medial and lateral meniscus
  • bursae of the knee
  • popliteal space
  • pes anserine muscle group
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5
Q

Anterior muscles of the knee

A

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vastus intermedialis

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6
Q

Rectus Femoris

A

O-AIIS
I-tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A- hip flexion, knee extension
N-femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

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7
Q

Vastus Lateralis muscle

A

O-linea aspera
I- tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A- Knee extension
N-Femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

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8
Q

Vastus Medialis muscle

A

O-linea aspera
I-tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon
A-knee extension
N-femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

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9
Q

Vastus intermedialis muscle

A

O- anterior femur
I-tibial tuberosity
A-knee extension
N-femoral nerve (L2,3,4)

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10
Q

Posterior muscles of the knee

A 
Semimembranosus
Semitendinosus
Biceps Femoris
Popliteus
Gastrocnemius
Tensor fascia latae
Gracilis
Sartorius
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11
Q

Semimembranosus Muscle

A

O- ischial tuberosity
I-posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia
A- extend hip and flex knee
N-sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)

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12
Q

Semitendinosus muscle

A

O-ischial tuberosity
I-anteromedial surface of proximal tibia
A-extend hip and flex knee
N-sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)

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13
Q

Biceps femoris muscle

A 
O- Long head: ischial tuberosity
short head: lateral lip of linea aspera
I- fibular head
A- long head: extend hip and flex knee
Short head: flex knee
N- long head: sciatic nerve (S1,2,3)
Short head: common perineal nerve (L5,S1,S2)
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14
Q

Popliteus muscle

A

O-lateral condyle of femur
I-posterior medial condyle of tibia
A-initiates knee flexion
N-tibial nerve (L4,L5,S1)

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15
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle

A

O-medial and lateral condyles of femur
I- posterior calcaneus
A-knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion
N-tibial nerve (S1,2)

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16
Q

Common knee pathologies

A

Genu valgum- knock knees

Genu varum- bow legged

Genu recurvatum- “back knees” (knees hyperextend posteriorly)

Patellar tendonitis- jumper’s knee, tenderness at the patellar tendon and results from overuse stress or sudden impact overloading associated with jumping

Osgood-Schlatter disease-common overuse injury among growing adolescents

Baker’s cyst- popliteal cyst, refers to any synovial hernia or bursitis involving the posterior aspect of the knee

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17
Q

More common knee pathologies

A

Patellofemoral pain syndrome

Chondromalacia patella- softening and degeneration of the cartilage on the posterior aspect of the patella, causing anterior knee pain

Prepatellar bursitis- housemaid’s knee, occurs when there is constant pressure between the skin and the patella

Terrible triad- knee injury caused by a single blow to the knee and involves tears to the anterior cruciate ligament, medial collateral ligament, and the medial meniscus

Miserable malalignment syndrome

18
Q

SGT

A

sartorius (most anterior), gracillis, semitendinosus (most posterior)

19
Q

the hamstrings ar innervated by what nerve

A

sciatic

20
Q

the hamstrings ar innervated by what nerve

A

sciatic

21
Q

which ligament prevents the tibia from sliding too far forward (prevents anterior translation, PCL prevents posterior translation)

A

anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

22
Q

a painful fluid filled mass on posterior knee is most likely what condition?

A

Baker’s cyst

23
Q

what is the distal attachment of the patellar tendon

A

tibial tuberosity

24
Q

femoral trochlea is also known as

A

patellar surface

25
Q

femoral trochlea is also known as

A

patellar surface

26
Q

softening & erosion of patellar hyaline cartilage is called

A

chondromalacia

27
Q

inability to evert or dorsiflex means this nerve close to the knee is affected

A

common peroneal nerve

28
Q

what is the name of the angle between the quadriceps muscle & patellar tendon

A

Q angle

29
Q

what is the name of the angle between the quadriceps muscle & patellar tendon

A

Q angle

30
Q

MCL

A

prevents knee from valgus force

31
Q

which of the following nerves innervates the gastrocnemius muscle?

A

tibial

32
Q

fibularis tertius

A

passes anterior to the lateral malleolus

33
Q

innervates posterior leg and plantar foot

A

tibial nerve

34
Q

deep fibular nerve also called (innervates EHB & EDB)

A

peroneal nerve?

35
Q

plantar flex

A

plantar nerve

36
Q

Foot drop may be a symptom of damage to which nerve?

A

common fibular (peroneal) nerve

37
Q

commonly donated for grafts

A

plantaris muscle

38
Q

considered the stirrup muscles (wrap under the arch)

A

fibularis longus and tibialis anterior

39
Q

tibial and common peroneal nerves pass through the popliteal fossa

A

what artery passes through the

40
Q

which artery would you palpate to discern a pedal pulse

A

dorsalis pedis

41
Q

Terrible triad (unhappy triad)

A

injury involving the ACL, MCL, & medial meniscus due to

Anatomy practical 3 (9 decks)

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