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MMT Flashcards

1
Q

elbow extension (2 muscles)

A
  1. muscle: tricep and aconeous (palpate: tricep and aconeous)
  2. radial nerve (C7-T1)
  3. position: prone over edge of bed
  4. movement: horizontal adduction
  5. resist: bend elbow a little to stop lock mechanism
  6. GE: sitting- 90 deg
  7. substitutions: trunk flexion
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2
Q

elbow flexion -3 muscles

A 
1. muscles: bicep (front of arm) brachialis (side of bicep) brachioradialis- (supercondylar ridge) 
 bracialis, brachioradialis
2. nerve: musculocutaneous nerve
3. position: sitting
4. movement: flexion
5.stabilize: forearm, resist, distal forearm
6. GE: 90 degrees
7. substitutions: trunk extension
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3
Q

scapula elevation (1 muscle)

A
  1. muscles: upper traps
  2. CN11
  3. position: sit
  4. movement: shrug shoulders
  5. GE: supine
  6. substitutions: rhomboids or elbow extension
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4
Q

scapula aBduction and upward rotation

A
  1. muscles: serratus ant (palpate inf angle scapula and axillary border upper 7th=8th ribs)
  2. nerve: long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)
  3. position: sit
  4. movement: flex 135 deg upward rot like punching out
  5. GE: no GE, support weight of humerus
  6. sub: trunk rotation, any GH movement, elbow extension, upper traps
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5
Q

scapula aDduction

A
  1. middle traps (superior lip of spine of scapula)
  2. CN 11 (C3-C4)
  3. prone
  4. movement: horizontal adduction (VC- pinch shoulder blades, pinch pencil in btwn shoulder blades)
  5. push into lat angle of scapula- if really fit, push on humerus
  6. GE: horizontal abduction sitting
  7. substitutions: trunk extension, horizontal abduction at glenohumeral (NOT scapula movement!)
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6
Q

scapula aDduction and depression

A
  1. lower traps (root of medial spine -> T6-T12)
  2. CN11 (C3-C4)
  3. prone
  4. movement: arm 140 deg abducted, thumb up to ceiling and raise arm
  5. push root of spine
  6. GE: no GE, support weight of humerus
  7. substitutions: middle traps, trunk rotation
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7
Q

scapula aDduction and downward rotation

A
  1. rhomboids (medial border of scapula)
  2. dorsal scapular nerve (C5)
  3. prone
  4. movement: put arm in small of back and push hand out
  5. push scapula into abduction and upward rotation
  6. GE: sitting
  7. sub: trunk rotation or GH movement
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8
Q

wrist flexion (2 muscles)

A
  1. wrist flexors - FCU, FCR
  2. median nerve/ ulnar nerve (C6-T1)
  3. position: sit , flexed elbow, arm in supination
  4. movement: flex wrist
  5. resist/break test: proximal to MCP joint
  6. GE: forearm neutral
  7. sub: FDP, FDS
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9
Q

Glenohumeral Flexion (2 muscles)

A
  1. Anterior Deltiod, coracobrachialis
  2. Axillary Nerve (delt), musculocutaneous (coracobrachialis) C5-C7
  3. sitting position
  4. movement: flexion
  5. resist flexion starting at 90 degrees (distal end of humerus)
  6. GE: Side lying
  7. sub: strong external rotation, lots of scapula movement, trunk extension
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10
Q

Glenohumeral aBduction (2 muscles)

A
  1. Middle Deltoid, Supraspinatus (middle delt, spine of scapula)
  2. Axillary Nerve (middle delt), Suprascapular nerve C5-C6
  3. sitting position, shoulder in full external rotation
  4. movement: aBduction
  5. stabilize scapula, clavicle, push on distal humerus at 90 degrees
  6. GE: supine
  7. sub: trunk lateral flexion, scapula movement
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11
Q

forearm supination (2 muscles)

A
  1. bicep and supinator (palate- below radial head)
  2. bicep = musculocutaneous, supinator = radial nerve (C5-C7)
  3. position: sitting with arm against trunk
  4. movement: pronation => supinate
  5. resist/break test: pt starts in supination, hold onto radial styoid process and try to do pronation
  6. GE: flexed shoulder (royal wave)
  7. sub: shoulder AD, external rotation
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12
Q

forearm pronation

A
  1. pronator teres (med condyle) and pronator quadratus (not palpable)
  2. median nerve (C6-C8)
  3. position: sitting with arm against trunk
  4. movement: supination => pronation
  5. resist/break test: pt starts in pronation, hold onto radial styloid head and try to do supination
  6. GE: flexed shoulder (royal wave)
  7. sub: shoulder aB, int rotation
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13
Q

2-5 MCP extension

A
  1. extensor digitorium (tendons palpable at center of hand/forearm)
  2. radial nerve (C7-C8)
  3. position: pronated forearm/ wrist
  4. movement: extension at MCP
  5. resist: push into flexion
  6. GE: forearm neutral
  7. sub: wrist ext, wrist flex
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14
Q

2-5 MCP aBduction (2 muscles)

A
  1. dorsal interossi (1st dorsal interossi palpable on radial side of 2nd MC), abductor digiti minimi
  2. ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
  3. position: pronated forearm/ wrist
  4. movement: aBduction at MCP
  5. resist: push into midline
  6. GE: forearm neutral
  7. sub: sub wrist ext (?)
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15
Q

2-5 MCP aDduction

A
  1. palmar interossei (#1 ulnar, #2/3 radial side of finger)
  2. ulnar nerve (C8-T1)
  3. position: pronated forearm/wrist
  4. movement: aDduction at MCP
  5. resist: push into midline
  6. GE: forearm neutral
  7. sub: flexion
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16
Q

2-5 PIP flexion

A
  1. FDS (palpate radial btwn FCU and PL)
  2. median (C8-T1)
  3. position: supination
  4. movement: flexion - with other digits hyperextend
  5. resist: pull into extension
  6. GE: forearm neutral
  7. sub: (DIP must be extended) DIP flexion, wrist ext (gives passive tension on FDP)
17
Q

2-5 DIP flexion

A
  1. FDP
  2. 2-3 median, 4-5 ulnar (C8-T1)
  3. position: supination
  4. movement: flexion
  5. resist/ stabilize: stabilize middle phalanx
  6. GE: forearm neutral
  7. sub: wrist extension (gives passive tension)
18
Q

ext rotation (2 muscles)

A
  1. infraspinatus (upper 2/3 axillary border), teres minor
  2. infraspinatous = supraspinatus nerve, teres minor = axillary nerve (C5-C6)
  3. position: prone, shoulder 90/ elbow 90
  4. movement: keep elbow bent, bring hand up towards head
  5. resist/break: resist on wrist, working thru joint so be careful
  6. GE: lay on edge of bed with arm hanging over, rotate in and out
  7. sub: forearm supination
19
Q

int rotation (3 muscles)

A
  1. teres major, subscapularis, pec major
  2. teres major/ subscap = subscsap nerve, pec major = med/lat pectoral nerve (C5-T1)
  3. position: prone, shoulder 90/ elbow 90
  4. movement: keep elbow bent, bring forearm back
  5. resist/ break: resist on wrist, working thru joint so be careful
  6. GE: edge of bed and rotate arm in and out
  7. sub: forearm pronation
20
Q

Scaption (2 muscles)

A
  1. Anterior/Middle Deltoid, Supraspinatus
  2. ant/midle delt =Axillary Nerve, supra= supracapular nerve (C5-C6)
  3. position:Sitting
  4. movement = betwn aBduction and flexion
  5. resist/ break: push down, starting at 90 deg
  6. GE: None (need to support)
  7. sub: doing more flex/ aBduction
21
Q

Thumb MCP flexion

A
  1. FPB (on the ulnar portion of thenar eminence)
  2. median nerve (C8-T1)
  3. position: supinated forearm (?)
  4. movement: flexion at MCP
  5. resist: thumb flexion
  6. GE: forearm neutral
  7. sub: FPL
22
Q

GH extension (2 muscles)

A
  1. teres major, latissimus dorsi (palpate inf angle of scapula)
  2. teres major = subscapular nerve, lats = thoracodorsal nerve
  3. position: prone with arm in anatomical position
  4. movement: extend arm
  5. resist/ stabilize: stabilize shoulder, push distal to axilla
  6. GE: side lying (can bend elbow a little to eliminate bicep insufficency
  7. sub: excessive scapula help, rotate out of side ly for gravity help
23
Q

GH horizontal aBduction

A
  1. posterior deltoids
  2. axillary nerve
  3. position: prone, shoulder 90/elbow 90
  4. movement: bring humerus up
  5. resist: proximal to elbow
  6. GE: sitting (PT can hold arm)
  7. sub: scapula adduction, trunk rotation
24
Q

GH horizontal aDduction

A
  1. pec major (palpate sternal an clavicular head)
  2. med/ lat pectoral nerve
  3. position: supine, arm and elbow flexed (90/90)
  4. movement: cross arms over body
  5. resist/break: pull away (sternal head, external rotation for break test, clavicular head, int rotation for break test)
  6. GE: sitting
  7. sub: trunk rotation
25
Q

thumb CMC aBduction (2 muscles)

A
  1. AbPL (snuff box), AbPB (plamar thenar eminence)
  2. AbPL = radial nerve, AbPB = median nerve
  3. position: forearm supine
  4. movement: thumb lift towards ceiling (don’t let me push down)
  5. resist: adduct 1st MC
  6. GE: forearm neutral
  7. EPB, ulnar deviation
26
Q

thumb CMC aDduction

A
  1. aDductor pollicis (palmar thenar eminence)
  2. ulnar nerve
  3. pronated forearm
  4. movement: bring thumb to index finger
  5. resist: push 1st MC in abduction
  6. GE: forearm neutral
  7. sub: EPL
27
Q

thumb MCP and IP extension (2 muscles)

A
  1. EPL/ EPB (bottom of snuff box)
  2. radial nerve
  3. neutral forearm
  4. movement: bring thumb to point towards ceiling
  5. resist: push into flexion
  6. GE: forearm supinate
  7. sub: ulnar deviation
28
Q

Wrist extension (3 muscles)

A
  1. ECRl, ECRb, ECU
  2. radial nerve
  3. Supinated
  4. Extend wrist
  5. Push on MCP
  6. GE: neutral forearm
  7. Sub: finger ext

kinesiology (9 decks)

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