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kinesiology > knee joint > Flashcards

knee joint Flashcards

1
Q 
2 parts of knee joint
 function (3)
A 
1. tibiofemoral and patellofemoral
functions 
   1. shortens leg during swing 
   2. lengthens led during stance
   3. transmits weight btwn hip and ankle
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2
Q

anatomy of knee joint (2)

A
  1. femoral condyles sit on shallow menisci = exposed shallow joint
  2. long exposed bone levers (femur and tibia) = most injured joint in body
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3
Q

normal ROM of knee and needed ROM for…
walking
stairs

A 
normal = 0-140 degrees
walking = 65 degrees
stairs = 110
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4
Q

tibiofemoral joint - type and movements available

A
  1. modified hinge joint

2. biaxial - flex/ extend and rotation

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5
Q

volitional movement of tibiofemoral joint

A
  1. volitional rotation using med and lateral hamstrings
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6
Q

mechanical movement of tibiofemoral joint

A
  1. medial condyle is larger than lateral

2. in open chain- going into terminal extension - lat side runs out of room to keep moving => ext rotation of tibia

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7
Q

open vs. close kinematic rotation
rotary and translatory movement
rotation of tibia and femur when going into and out of terminal ext

A

open
1. tibia on femur = concave on convex (rotary same as translatory)
2. terminal ext -> slight flexion = slight tibial int rotation
closed
1. femur on tibia = convex on concave so rotary opposite of translatory
2. slight flex -> terminal ext = femoral int rotation
*see sticky note on computer

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8
Q

nemonic for closed chain kinematics

A

FE - Flex -> ext

MuR = medial rotation

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9
Q

patellofemoral joint

type of joint and movements available

A
  1. diarthrodial

2. planar joint

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10
Q

patella
action on quads

translatory movements (when you flex and extend your knee)

A
  1. lengthens quads b/c of angle of insertion => increases mechanical advantage

translatory:

  1. going into extension- patella glids sup and lateral
  2. going into flexion - patella glides inf and medial
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11
Q

movements of patella in transverse plane

A
  1. z- axis
  2. flexion- med tilting
  3. extension- lat tilting
    inferior pole is point of reference
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12
Q

tibial tubercles
location
where they are in extension

A
  1. located on top of tibial plateau

2. in extension lodged in intertrochanteric fossa and contribute to locking mechanism

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13
Q

menisci
size
shape
function

A
  1. medial is larger than lateral
  2. lateral- is circular
  3. medial- crescent and bound down stronger
  4. function is shock absorption
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14
Q

two types of menisci tears

and where it will heal faster

A
  1. transverse/ radial - goes horizontal
  2. longitudinal - bucket handle
  3. outside is more likely to heal because more blood supply
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15
Q

2 cardinal signs of meniscal issue

A
  1. compliant knee locking

2. excessive clicking

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16
Q

2 meniscal ligaments

A
  1. meniscal-tibial ligaments (coronary)

2. transverse ligament- binds menisci to each other

17
Q

knee stability

anatomy

A
  1. long levers w/ shallow articulation- contractile and non-contractile tissues give support
18
Q 
knee stability- 
 ant support (2)
A
  1. quad tendons

2. infrapatellar tendon

19
Q 
knee stability
 posterior support (6)
A
  1. joint capsule - snaps knee back
  2. popliteus- in closed chain does ER rotation of femur => unlocking; open chain does IR rotation
  3. gastroc heads - cross knee joint
  4. arcuate popliteal ligament
  5. posterior oblique popliteal ligament
  6. hamstring tendons
20
Q

knee stability - cruciate ligaments

where they attach and purpose

A

give ant and posterior stabilization
PCL
1. posterior on tib -> med femoral condyle.
2. prevents posterior slippage of tib on femor (or visa versa)
ACL
1. ant on tib -> lat femoral condyle
2. prevents anterior slippage of tib on femur

21
Q

drawer sign

A
  1. hooklying position, grab behind gastroc head and try to translate the fib forward. excessive translation = tear or strain in ACL
22
Q

ligament of wristberg

A

posterior part of lateral meniscus and goes to medial femoral condyle

23
Q

medial/ lateral support of knee
ligaments (4)
unhappy triad of knee injury (what usually causes it)
muscle attachments (2 med)

A
  1. medial and lateral collateral ligaments
  2. patellofemoral ligament
  3. IT band
  4. unhappy triad = Med collateral, ACL, and medial meniscus
    from lateral side impact
    muscles:
    pes anserine- gives medial stabilization
    medial hamstrings
24
Q

joint slide (2)

A
  1. more knee flexion- femoral condyles slide anterior

2. flex -> extend - joint surfaces slide posterior

25
Q

instantaneous axis of rotation

A
  1. axis is constantly changing because of sliding movements around joint, usually around femoral condyle
26
Q

knee bursae (5)

A
  1. pre-patella bursa- btwn skin and patella
  2. infrapatella bursa- 2-
    superficial- btwn skin and tendon
    deep - underneath infrapatellar tendon
  3. suprapatella bursa- btwn quadriceps tendon and bone
  4. gastroc bursa- gastroc head and medial femoral condyle
  5. pes anserine bursa
27
Q

muscles that do knee extension
5 quads
articularis genu

A 
quads:
1. vastus lateralis- strongest
2. vastus intermedius
3. vastus medialis longus 
4. vastus medialis oblique
5. rec fem
articularis genu
 inserts into joint capsule -> suprapatellar bursa
does the last 15 degrees of extension, helps terminal extension, pulls joint capsule up and out of the way
28
Q

quad hamstring ratio

A
  1. hamstrings have 50-60% strenghth of quads
29
Q

when can quads generate most amount of torque

A
  1. sitting position 30-60 degrees (45)

2. in this range pt can generate most force and lift more weight

30
Q

Q- angle (quadricep angle)- how you measure
normal angles
what happens in genu valgum and genu varum

A

2 lines
1. ASIS drop down to midpoint of patella
2. line thru tibial crest, tibial tuberosity -> thru patella , straight up
angle is above knee cap
3. regular is 10-15 degrees (women are closer to 15)
4. genu valgum- q-angle is larger b/c excessive lateral tracking of patella
5. genu varum- q-angle is smaller because b/c excessive medial tracking of patella

31
Q

posterior knee muscles (flexors)

4 muscles

A

3 muscles:

  1. hamstrings - do knee flexion w/ rotation of tibia (medial do IR)
  2. plantaris (lat fem condyle -> achilles tendon)
  3. gastroc
  4. popliteus - oblique med- > lat, does unlocking (ER femur, IR tibia)
32
Q

gastroc
when can they generate most torque?
shunt vs. spurt

A
  1. can generate most amt of torque when knee is flexed at 90
  2. shunt at knee (stability) -close to origin
  3. spurt at ankle (movement)- far from origin
33
Q

movement of patella in frontal plane
which axis
what happens in flexion and extension

A
  1. y axis
  2. flexion = lateral rotation (spin) 3. extension =med rotation
  3. inferior pole is point of reference
34
Q

movement of patella in saggital plane
which axis
what happens in flexion

A
  1. x- axis
  2. in flexion - sup pole => forward, inf pole -> back
  3. inferior pole is point of reference

kinesiology (9 decks)

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