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BYU > MMbio 240 > Flashcards

MMbio 240 Flashcards

1
Q

Sequencing read

A

segmented fragments of the sequence

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2
Q

Sequencing assembly

A

process of sequencing

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3
Q

sequencing contig

A

overlapping clones in sequence

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4
Q

consensus sequence

A

sequence that has nucleotides that are most used (majority rule)

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5
Q

precision medicine

A

medicine tailored to certain genes

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6
Q

diploid genome

A

2?

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7
Q

ortholog

A

2 species with similar gene

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8
Q

homolog

A

similarities within same species

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9
Q

paralog

A

similarities within cell

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10
Q

allele

A

one part of gene

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11
Q

synteny

A

genes are similar across different species

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12
Q

homologous chromosomes

A

2 chromosomes that are same

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13
Q

sister chromatids

A

make up chromosome

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14
Q

genomics

A

comparison of DNA sequences
better understand genetic composition and genetic relationships or evolution

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15
Q

transcriptomics

A

comparisons of RNA (transcriptomes)

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16
Q

proteomics

A

comparisons of proteins

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17
Q

intron

A

portions of DNA that can be removed

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18
Q

exon

A

codable parts of DNA

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19
Q

splicing

A

splicing out introns

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20
Q

linkage analysis

A

seeing if a disease is attached to a certain gene

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21
Q

duplication

A

duplicating a nucleotide

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22
Q

transposition

A

nucleotide gets moved to different part of gene

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23
Q

inversion

A

gene gets inverted in on itself

24
Q

dot plot

A

can compare genes, see how closely related they are

25
Q

genome map

A
26
Q

phylogenetic tree

A

see how closely related organisms are

27
Q

clade

A

group with common ancestor

28
Q

branch

A

branch of phylogenetic tree

29
Q

node

A

common ancestor

30
Q

in group

A

clade all bunched together

31
Q

outgroup

A

organism with most differences

32
Q

motif

A

recurring sequence in genes

33
Q

topology

A

use topoisomerase to cut DNA strands

34
Q

telomere

A

end part of DNA

35
Q

centromere

A

center of chromosome

36
Q

kinetochore

A

place where spindles attach on the chromosome

37
Q

telomerase

A

adds nucleotides to telomere

38
Q

telomere repeat sequence

A

telomere repeats a lot. makes DNA polymerase unable to transcribe it

39
Q

genomic packaging

A

histones do this

40
Q

bacterial core proteins

A

kinda like histone proteins, DNA wraps around it

41
Q

nucleoid

A
42
Q

supercoil

A

coiled coiled DNA

43
Q

mtDNA

A

mitochondrial DNA

44
Q

histones

A

proteins that DNA wraps around. provide structural support for proteins

45
Q

Topoisomerase

A

enzymes that create alterations in DNA

46
Q

linkage sites (Lk)

A
47
Q

topoisomer

A
48
Q

NICK

A

small cut on gene

49
Q

electrophoresis

A
50
Q

relaxed DNA

A
51
Q

chromosomal scaffold

A

residue after extraction of histones, mostly histones

52
Q

linker DNA

A
53
Q

SMC protein

A

promote chromosome condensation. creates contact between segments of DNA

54
Q

HAT

A

transfers acetyl groups to histone tail

55
Q

HDAC

A

removes acetyl groups from histone tails

BYU (5 decks)

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