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BYU > American Heritage > Flashcards

American Heritage Flashcards

1
Q

Plato

A

Philosopher kings. Against democracy and tyranny. Ring of Gyges

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2
Q

Ring of Gyges

A

When people are left to do as they please (invisible), they’ll be evil

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3
Q

Aristotle

A

Aristocracy. Most excellent rule with consent. Government instills virtues

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4
Q

Pericles

A

first Athenian democracy

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5
Q

St. Augustine

A

“City of God” ruled by church leaders

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6
Q

Thomas Moore

A

“utopia”. religious freedom and education

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7
Q

Rousseau

A

people are inherently good, corrupted by government

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8
Q

Humes

A

Collective Action Problem. People work towards self interest, but working together benefits everyone

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9
Q

Rawls

A

Veil of Ignorance. Creators of government should make the government not knowing where they are going to end up in it. Good govt for EVERYONE

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10
Q

Adam Smith

A

“Wealth of Nations”. Mercantilism is bad, decentralized markets. Focus should be on consumption

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11
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Humans are inherently evil, need a government to keep them in check

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12
Q

2nd Treatise #1

A

In a state of nature, all humans are created equal

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13
Q

2nd Treatise #2

A

In order to create a union, people must give up some rights

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14
Q

2nd Treatise #3

A

Government exists to protect the rights of the people

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15
Q

2nd Treatise #4

A

People give consent to the government to be governed

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16
Q

2nd Treatise #5

A

People have right to abolish the government if government fails to do its job

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17
Q

Rule of Law

A

Generality, Consent, Prospectivity, Publicity, Due Process

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18
Q

Generality

A

Rules apply to everyone

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19
Q

Consent

A

People give their consent to be governed

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20
Q

Publicity

A

Laws are made public

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21
Q

Prospectivity

A

Laws don’t apply to past events

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22
Q

Due Process

A

Like generality. Everyone is treated equally in court

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23
Q

Trustee model of Representative

A

goes with personal morals

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24
Q

Delegate model of Representative

A

goes with constituents

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25
Q

Party model of Representative

A

goes with political party

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26
Q

Glorious Revolution

A

revolution where King William and Queen Mary were removed bloodlessly from the throne. Americans saw it as power of the people

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27
Q

Corporate Communities

A

Want $$$. Jamestown. House of Burgesses

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28
Q

Covenant Communities

A

Want religious freedom. Plymouth, pilgrims. Mayflower compact

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29
Q

Mix between Covenant and Corporate communities

A

Want to reform church. Massachusetts Bay Colony

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30
Q

Stamp Act

A

Taxation without Representation

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31
Q

Ingredients to a successful revolution

A

Unified cause, self-governing history, Distance, Virtue and Interest, Rule of Law, Economics

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32
Q

Constitution of Knowledge

A

Knowledge is general and available to everyone. Goes through “funnel of credibility”

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33
Q

Decentralized Government

A

Power is spread out to the people

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34
Q

Centralized Government

A

Power is centralized. held by few people

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35
Q

Akhil Amar

A

Freedom of speech. People should speak with other about differing views

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36
Q

Law of Supply

A

As prices increase, supply goes up

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37
Q

Law of Demand

A

As prices increase, demand goes down

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38
Q

Equilibrium Price

A

Point where supply and demand meet

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39
Q

Comparative Advantage

A

Person who has lowest opportunity cost in something

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40
Q

Absolute Advantage

A

Person has lowest opportunity cost for both things in trade

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41
Q

Principal Agent Problem

A

People aren’t knowledgeable in politics, but agent is. Problem is if agent is trustworthy

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42
Q

Economic Signals

A

Prices (consumers) and Profits (producers)

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43
Q

Opportunity Cost

A

cost of whatever you’re giving up

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44
Q

Trade off

A

trade benefits everyone

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45
Q

Invisible Hand

A

Economy runs without a central force.

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46
Q

1st Amendment

A

Freedom of speech, religion, press, petition, assembly

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47
Q

2nd Amendment

A

right to bear arms

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48
Q

3rd Amendment

A

no quartering troops in houses

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49
Q

4th Amendment

A

searches and seizures

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50
Q

5th Amendment

A

grand jury, double jeopardy, self incrimination, due process, private property can’t be taken without compensation

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51
Q

6th Amendment

A

public and speedy trial

52
Q

7th Amendment

A

right to trial by jury

53
Q

8th Amendment

A

no cruel and unusual punishments

54
Q

9th Amendment

A

people still have rights not expressed in Constitution

55
Q

10th Amendment

A

anything else to ushed to the states

56
Q

Articles of Constitution

A

LEJSASR. Legislative, Exeutive, Judicial, States, Amendments, Supremacy Clause, Ratification

57
Q

Federalist 10

A

Factions

58
Q

Federalist 39

A

States vs national govt

59
Q

Federalist 51

A

separation of powers

60
Q

Federalist 78

A

Judiciary branch

61
Q

Brutus Papers

A

Antifederalist. Constitution is too broad, central govt has too much power

62
Q

Marbury v Madison

A

JUDICIAL REVIEW. Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional

63
Q

James Madison (CC)

A

Author of Virginia Plan

64
Q

Gouvenor Morris (CC)

A

supported Madison. Against slavery

65
Q

Roger Sherman (CC)

A

proposed Great Compromise. population representation in lower house, equal in upper

66
Q

George Washington (CC)

A

stabilizing force, gave constitution validity

67
Q

William Patterson (CC)

A

New Jersey Plan

68
Q

John Rutlage (CC)

A

Wouldn’t sign without protected slavery

69
Q

Slavery compromise

A

3/5 compromise. Slave trade abolished after 20 years. Fugitive Slave Laws

70
Q

Three Estates in France

A

Clergy, Nobility, and Commoners

71
Q

Women’s march

A

Women force the King to leave Versailles, pushed along the French revolution

72
Q

Robespierre

A

powerful influence in French Revolution. Wanted to instill virtue through terror

73
Q

Differences between American and French Revolution

A

concepts of virtue, commitment to Rule of Law,
commitment to Constitution

74
Q

Northwest Ordinance

A

method for admitting new states into nation

75
Q

Consequences of the Western Land Policy

A
  1. Economics: geographic mobility leading to economic mobility
  2. Politics: idea of more common democracy
76
Q

Ambiguities of Andrew Jackson

A

Class: broaden electorates, more democratic for the poor
Race/Ethnicity: push Natives off land

77
Q

Deeper problem of Slavery

A

Economic system that saw people as economic tools based on race

78
Q

Frederick Douglass

A

Abolitionist, still had faith and hope in America despite being former slave

79
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

power derived directly from the people

80
Q

Lincoln v Douglas

A

Lincoln: some views are beyond debate/popular sovereignty
Douglas: the people should decide

81
Q

Role of govt in markets

A

prevent coercion and fraud
provide money
provide infrastructure
define property rights
enforce exchange agreement

82
Q

In markets govt must deals with

A

Externalities
Monopolies
Public Goods
Imperfect Info
Recession
Economic Inequalities

83
Q

How is the Constitution inspired?

A

Separation of Powers
Written Bill of Rights
Division of Powers
Popular Sovereignty
Rule of law

84
Q

Confederate states only readmitted into union after

A

new Constitutions
universal male suffrage
adoption of civil war amendments (13, 14, 15)

85
Q

Reconstruction failures

A

alienated southern elite,
no significant economic provisions for newly freed slaves
freed slaves’ rights weren’t really protected by North

86
Q

Analyzing Market Weaknesses

A
  1. What is the weakness?
  2. What can the govt do to fix it?
  3. What did the govt do good or bad while fixing it?
87
Q

Non-rival Public goods

A

person’s use of public good doesn’t stop/affect someone else’s ability to use it

88
Q

Non-excludable public goods

A

good you can’t stop anyone from using, but runs out over time

89
Q

Externalities

A

exchange affects 3rd party not involved in exchange

90
Q

Insufficient Information

A

exchanges are made that are not beneficial because information is withheld or warped

91
Q

Where the other half lives

A

Photographs of slums to show the wealthy the condition of the poor. Jacob Riis

92
Q

Progressives

A

middle class movement reacting to vibrant upper class. Wanted more govt involvement

93
Q

Ida B Wells

A

exposed mob violence against African Americans

94
Q

Monopolies

A

restrict exchange by buying out companies. control prices

95
Q

Cartel

A

group of businesses that cooperate to gain monopolistic power

96
Q

Carry Nation

A

smashes up bars with hatchet. Temperance movement

97
Q

16 amendment

A

Income tax

98
Q

17 amendment

A

direct election of senators

99
Q

18 amendment

A

prohibition

100
Q

19 amendment

A

women’s suffrage

101
Q

21 amendment

A

repealed 18th

102
Q

Market weaknesses of a recession

A

Shock hits market
wages and prices don’t automatically adjust

103
Q

NRA (National Recovery Administration)

A

permitted creation of “does of fair competition”. Set wages and hours

104
Q

WPA (Works Progress Administration)

A

provided jobs, income, they build buildings, operated theaters, and engaged in other projects

105
Q

AAA (Agricultural Adjustment Act)

A

Increased agricultural prices

106
Q

CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps)

A

provided outdoor jobs for young men

107
Q

NIRA (National Industrial recovery Act)

A

promote free-flow of interstate, foreign commerce, cooperative action between trade groups

108
Q

Keynesian economics

A

govt increases spending and decreases taxes to redistribute wealth

109
Q

New Deal’s legacy

A

agricultural price supports, govt regulation of businesses, SSA, acceptance of deficit spending

110
Q

Fiscal Policy

A

GOVT increases money supply and lowers interest rates

111
Q

Monetary Policy

A

FED increases money supply and lowers interest rates

112
Q

Problems with new deal

A

Knowledge problem
some elected officials will partner with private interests to help politically favored

113
Q

Hegemon

A

something with dominant influence over others

114
Q

Foreign Policy complications

A
  1. Knowledge problem
  2. Unintended Consequences
  3. Democracy changes their mind
115
Q

Importance of Institutions in Civil Rights movement

A

Supreme Court
Civil War amendments
Executive branch backed up court decisions
legislative (Civil Rights Act of 1964, Voting rights Act of 1956)

116
Q

Need for political parties

A

organize govt
simplify debate

117
Q

Coalitions must be sizeable

A

to get past bicameralism, filters of consent, separation of powers

118
Q

Coalitions must be sustained

A

to get past separated elections when public mood changes

119
Q

Pauline Meyer: American Scripture

A

Interpretation of Constitution has changed over time

120
Q

Webster

A

America is amazing, better than all the rest

121
Q

Frederick Douglass readings

A

Dec. of Ind. has great ideals, sometimes aren’t upheld (slavery)

122
Q

Coolidge reading

A

ideals of Dec. of Ind are final, cannot change them

123
Q

Reagan Address

A

Dec of Ind unifies us as Americans. Even if we disagree we still have a lot in common

124
Q

When Ideas have sex

A

we are better off when we exchange

125
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1964

A

No segregation allowed

126
Q

Voting Rights Act of 1965

A

everyone who wanted to register to vote had to be permitted to vote

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