Chem 105 Flashcards
Giga
(G) 10^9
Mega
(M) 10^6
Kilo
(k) 10^3
Deci
(d) 10^-1
Centi
(c) 10^-2
Milli
(m) 10^-3
Micro
(m) 10^-6
Nano
(n) 10^-9
Pico
(p) 10^-12
Femto
10^-15
JJ Thompson
Cathode rays.
Deflected light rays with magnetic fields
Must be negatively charged particles
Millikan
Oildrop
Sprayed oil, charged it, and adjusted magnetic fields to suspend oil droplets
Figured out charge and weight of electrons
Rutherford
Goldfoil
Shot alpha wave through gold foil and observed wide angles of deflection
Nucleus is dense and + charged
Curie
Radioactivity
Proved existence of + charged particles
Einstein
Photoelectric effect
Aufbau Principle
Electrons are placed in lowest energy orbitals first
Pauli Exclusion Principle
Only 2 electrons can be placed in each orbital
Hund’s Rule
Electrons will go into different orbitals before they pair up
Intermolecular forces
- London dispersion forces
- Dipole induced dipole
- Dipole-dipole
- H-bonding
- Ion- dipole
- Ion-ion
London dispersion forces
Nonpolar molecules
Increase as size increases
Dipole-induced
Interaction between polar and nonpolar molecules
Dipole-dipole
Interactions between polar molecules
Opposites attract
Hydrogen bonding
Strongest dipole-dipole
H bonds with electronegative atoms (N O F)
Ion-dipole
Interactions between ions and polar molecules
Ion-ion
Interactions between ions
Strongest intermolecular forces
viscosity
how easy it is for molecules to slide past each other
As Intermolecular forces increase, ____ also increases
boiling point, surface tension, viscosity, volatility
1st law of Thermodynamics
total energy of the universe is always constant
2nd law of Thermodynamics
entropy of universe always increases over time
