mm - biomes to popualtions Flashcards
tropical rainforestas are the most threatened biome due to habitat gfragmetnation - what is this process
habitat loss results in small patches of DISCONTINUOUS HABITATS making populations more vunerable
Which best describes a biome?
A community of plants and animals that have common characteristics for the environment they exist in.
A distinct biological communities that have formed in response to shared physical climate.
A general term embracing each region with its characteristic climate, day-length, topography, flora and fauna
OPTION C
biomes are most easily classified by precipitation and temperature
what is one way that discontinous habitatz can be fixed?
fragmentation creates discontinous habitats. this can be partially reudced by ECO BRIDGES which link isolated popualtions together
what is the largest terrestrial biome A rainforest B taiga/boreal C deciduious forest D desert E ocean
OPTION B - this is on LAND, ocean is not
taiga makes up 29% of forest
what types of desert biomes are there?
hot - saharar 30 degrees north and south
cold - polar regions
mild - atacama/ pantagonian in tropical coatal regions
what is an anthrome?
human biome! due to ocntinous interaction with human and ecosystem so gaisna distinch characteristic
e.g urban village, cropland
what the component of an ecosystem
abiotic and biotic interactions
primary porduces, consumers, decompoers, dead organic matter and the environment
how do you calculate NPP?
GPP minus RA(autotrophic respiration)
which statement is true regarding primary productivity?
A is the rate of heterotrophs porducing biomass
B for above ground plants NPP increases going north
C oceans generate less NPP than woodlands
D varies seasonally due to precipitation, temp and cloud cover
E for below ground plants, NPP increases going towards equator
OPTION D
a- rate of autotrophs
b- towards equator
c- oceans genrate more NPP as phytoplanton do p/s whils ONLY leaves can do p/s in woodland
e- towards north as soil protects from cold temperatures
autochtonous and allochtonus are ways fluvial ecosytems can recieve energy
which is seen at the source of the river (start)
allochtonous as the ecosytem is recieving organic matter/energy from BEYOND ecosystem boundary
> plants grow on river bank and fall in
autochtonous and allochtonus are ways fluvial ecosytems can recieve energy
which is seen at themouth of the river (]ocean/end)
autochtonous as the ecosytem is recieving organic matter/energy from WITHIN ecosystem boundary
> plants and algae grow in the area and generate energy
why do ectotherms have higher prodcution efficney
endotherms needs to regulate their temperature so have a high metabolic rate
ectotherm rely on external heat so have low metabolic rate
which has higher assimilation efficiencies?
hervibvore
carnivore
carnivore - 90% assimilation efficiencies as fats and proteins EASILY DIGESTIBLE
herbivoire - 10% assimilation efficiencies needs to consume lots of VEG
leaf cutting ants are an example of? A pollen mutualism B gut mutualism C farming mutualism D parasitic mutualism E protective mutualism
OPTION C
they cultivate cellulitic fungi in their nests which can then break down cellulsoe providing FOOD for ants whilst the fungi are free from pests and competitiors
a- bees + flower but can spread disease
b-ruminents + microbes
e- cleaner fish survive and increase species diveristy, the clients feel nice
how does mutualism and cooperation differ?
mutualism - different species // at leat one benifits
coop- within species e.g meerkats
bacteria are an example of what selected species? l - selected sex- selected k- selected r- selected environment- selected
r -selected: reproduce rapidly, having large numbers of progeny, are usually more short-lived, exponential growth - bacteria
K-selected:live a lot longer, have fewer offspring and those offspring normally take longer to be birthed - zebra
A RABBIT IS IN THE MIDDLE
how can 2 comepting species coexist (gauses principle)
if there is niche differentiation
if not then one species will outcompete/replace/exticnt the other as seen in Paramecium
DEFINITION
what is calcifeous soil?
ALKALI SOIL!
as seen in Gallium competition where both speices can grow on all pH’s but when together, they grow on separate (habitat dependent competition)
if varience is less than the mean
random
clumped
uniform
UNIFORM
clumped is the most common when var is more
which of these increases population birth death immigration emigration
birth and immigration INCREASE
logistic growth considers the carrying capacity/resources of a population. what does N=K mean
if carrying capacity (k) is closer to the population density (n) then the more intense the stop in population growth is
what is the realtionshio between birth and death rate at carrying capacity
birith=death rate so the graph plateaus
