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1003 Organisms and Environment > global environment change, pollution, biodversity, climate change > Flashcards

global environment change, pollution, biodversity, climate change Flashcards

1
Q 
Which of the following is not an effect of pesticides?
A Reduce impact of weeds and pests	
B Improved harvests	
C More storage losses
D Control of diseases
A

OPTION C IS FALSE

pesticides cause fewer storage losses

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2
Q

characteristics of chronic pollution?

A

Low-level input into the environment, Occurs continuously or in frequent pulses, NOT caused by a point source, The environment is constantly under stress and Ecosystems don’t have the opportunity to recove

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3
Q

Herbicides such as 2,4-dichloriphenoxyacetic acid are what type of pesticide?

Organochlorine
Chlorophenoxy
Organophosphates

A

Chlorophenoxy - broken down in soil in a number of days and resembles plant auxins

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4
Q

What are the sea level rise predictions for 2030 and 2050 according to the IPCC?

A

12 - 50 cm

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5
Q

indirect use ecosystem process?

A

Provisioning, Cultural, Educational, Supporting, Regulating

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6
Q

Which gas is the major contributor to the greenhouse effect?

A

co2 but CH4 is potent

> 25x more effective at absorbing susn energy

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7
Q

characteristic of acute pollution?

A

Occurs when a large amount of waste matter enters the environment, Usually from a point source so (accidental) one-off event, Commonly has a toxic effect on biota, After event ecosystem begins to recover and return to original situation

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8
Q

What is the type of pesticide that resembles that remains in environment for a long time?
Organochlorine - DDT, aldrin
Chlorophenoxy - herbicides
Organophosphates - carbamates, malthion

A

Organochlorine e.g DDT affected pereguine flacon = thinner shelled eggs and smaller population as it bioaccumulated

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9
Q

Movement of warm water from Americas to Australia describes what conditions?

No upwelling of cold, nutrient rich water describes which conditions?

A

Normal conditions

el nino

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10
Q

A sewage outlet is an example of what type of pollution source?

A

a Point source

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11
Q

Which of the following statements most accurately defines global environmental change?
Human introduction of substances into the earths atmosphere
Planetary-scale changes in the earth system
Variation in ecosystems over the whole planet

A

Planetary-scale changes in the earth system

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12
Q

The number of different species, consisting of both species richness and species evenness defines what term?

A

species diversity

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13
Q

What is the definition of genetic diversity?

A

total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species

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14
Q

example of direct use biodiversity?

A

food, medicine, biofuel, ecotourism

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15
Q 
Which of these is not a cause of extinction?
Habitat fragmentation
Human overpopulation
Deforestation
Biomagnification
A

OPTION D

uses concetration factors to measure bioaccumulation . if CF more than 1 then bioaccumulation has occured

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16
Q

Which of these pesticides remains in the environment for the longest time?
Organochlorine
Chlorophenoxy
Organophosphates

A

organochlorine

17
Q

A synergistic effect of pollutants means that…
A Cumulative effects of each pollutant can be added together to give an overall effect

B pollutants combine so that effects are greater than what would be expected (like resistance in parallel)

C one pollutant can cancel out or reduce the effect of another

A

OPTION B
A- additive effect
C- antagonistic efffect

synetgistic is more POTENT/ greater environemntal effect than addtivr

18
Q

What is the temperature difference between cities and rural areas?

A

cities 1-3 degrees warmer
In rural areas, solar energy consumed by evaporation of water from vegetation and soil.
Cities have less vegetation and exposed soil so suns energy absorbed by buildings

19
Q 
What is the current main driver of global environmental change?
Volcanism 
Changes in earths orbit
Plate tectonics
Growing human population
Solar variation
A

due to the increased demand for energy, food, goods, services etc

20
Q

Which of the following statements defines direct use value?
A Does not concern our use of the environment, its resources and/or services
B Derives from the many functions biodiversity performs in providing services critical to human wellbeing
C Derived from role of biological resources in consumption and production

A

OPTIION C food, medicine, biocontrol

a- non use
b- indirect

21
Q

Spiritual and recreational benefits are examples of what type of ecosystem service?
Provisioning

Regulating

Supporting

Cultural

A

CULTURAL

22
Q

What is a primary microplastic?
Derived from breakdown of larger plastic debris
Manufactured, direct result of human material and product use

A

manufactured

23
Q 
Which of the following is a characteristic of an invasive species
A Slow growth
B No prior successful invasion history
C high dispersal activity
D Live on narrow range of food types
E unable to rapidly adapt
A

option C!!

24
Q

there are ways to quantify pollution e.g Lethal dose and Lethal concentration : what is lethal dose?

The single dose of a chemical that will kill 50% of the animals when directly applied.

The single dose of a chemical that will kill 75% of the animals when directly applied.

The single dose of a chemical that will kill 100% of the animals when directly applied.

A

OPTION A

  • lethal concetration is the concetration that kills 50%
25
Q 
Fertiliser run-off is an example of what type of pollution source?
Point source
Multi-source
Seeping
Spreading
A

SEEPING

> spreading would be in the air - smoke?/ volcano

26
Q

Pesticides are an example of what type of pollution?

acute or chronic

A

chronic e.g DDT accumualated in peregrine falcon affecting their horomine metabolism= caclium levels
> thinner egg shells

27
Q

Define gamma diversity
Total species diversity in a landscape and is determined by alpha & beta diversity

The mean species diversity in sites/ habitats at a more local scale

The difference between these habitats

A

option a
> is determined by alpha & beta diversity

B - alpha diveristy
C - beta diveristy

28
Q

how can we measure diversity?

A

use Diveristy index to find D and the recpricol index (1/D) to find it

29
Q

if the species diverity index is higher = diversity increases
what does the (1/D) increase tell us?

A

recriprocal index increases with species evenness

30
Q 
A biodiversity hotspot is defined as an area that has what?
High species richness
High endemism
High conservation value
All of the above
A

all of the aboovve
> important in conservation as it can support 60% of species

endemic- only found in or restricted to that area

31
Q 
The total number of genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species describes what term?
Genetic diversity
Genetic variability
Species diversity
Species variability
A

OPTION A
this is genetic diversity
> haha tricked you there with the species

32
Q

Which hypothesis states that ‘the ecosystem function changes as the number of species increases or decreases’?
Which hypothesis states that ‘some species are a key species and play a vital role’?

Rivet hypothesis

Redundant species hypothesis

Idiosyncratic hypothesis

A

redundant species hypotheiss

rivet - each species contributes
idiosynchronatic - no relation between speices and ecological function

33
Q

what are some NATURAL causes to climate change?

A

solor activity (sunspots)
earths orbit/ milankovitch cycles
continential drift affecting ocean currents

34
Q 
Pollutants that land on the earth are known as...?
Wet deposition
Dry deposition
Dry particles
Earth pollutant
A

OPTION C

> if pollutants fall in the rain this is wet deposition

35
Q

Oil is an example of what type of pollution?

acute or chronic

A

ACUTE
as a large amout enters the environment having a toxic effect on biota
90% sunlight is blocked in oil spills inhibiting photosynthesis
e.g. niger delta

36
Q

how do c3, c4 and CAM plants respond to global climate change?

A

c3 = more productive, increased p/s, more water efficient BUT insect development slower as plants less nutrient rich
> c3 40% efficinent, c4 20% efficient

1003 Organisms and Environment (10 decks)

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