Diversityyy

Question 1

origins of fungi

Answer 1

aqautic flagellenated organisms

Question 2

what are the three main components of fungi?

Answer 2

chitin - cell wall
ergosterol - found in the cell membranes and indicator of fungal presence
mycellium - interconnected tubes (single filament is hyphae)

Question 3

function of hyphae

Answer 3

they absorb nutrients via vegetative spread and enzyme secretion
large s.a. ideal for absorption

Question 4

What are Cords?

Answer 4

aggregates of hyphae that are intertwined and can move nutrients and water
> equivelent to xylem+phloem
they are DYNAMIC so can respond to the system

Question 5

basidiomycota strucuture

Answer 5

4 basidiospores on a basidium

Question 6

ascoymycota spore structure
A 4 spores on a basidium
B flagellanated spores
C spores in a sac
D asexual spores
E thick walled spores (zygospore)

Answer 6

OPTION C
ascospores In a ascus (SAC)

a- badiomycota
b-blasto and chytri
d-glomerulomycota
e- zygomycota

Question 7

how do fungi spread?

Answer 7

spread via spores or they grow out (non-restrictive units)

Question 8

how do fungi feed?

Answer 8

via carbon fixation.
saprotophs
necrotrophs
biotrophs

Question 9

can you say the human K P C O F

Answer 9

animalia | chordata | mammalia | primates | hominidae |

Question 10

which phyla are radiata

Answer 10

placozoans, ctenophores and cnidarians

Question 11

what makes an animal

Answer 11

they are motile and heterotrophs
they are also multicellular and have a nervous system
they can be ALL be traced back to a common ancestor (not a clade)

Question 12

what is a deutorostome

what is protosome

Answer 12

protosome is where the mouth develops first then anus

deutorostome is the mouth second

Question 13

what is unique about chordata?

Answer 13

this is where humans descend from. they are the only deutorostomes in the bilaterian category

Question 14

what is the difference between annelids and nematodes?

Answer 14

nematods are not segmented

Question 15

which phyla are ectyzoans?

Answer 15

arthopods and nematodes

> they have a three layered cuticle to exchange gases at the gut

Question 16

which is the most abundant phyla
sponges
arthopods
ctenophores

Answer 16

arthopods are the most diverse ``

Question 17

What is the superphyla of the kingdom Animalia that has key features such as a 3 layered cuticle which molts as the animal grows?
Protostomia	
Lophotrochozoa
Radiata
Ecdysozoa	
Deuterostomia

Answer 17

OPTION D
Ecdysozoa - 3 layered cuticle (nematodes + arthropods)
Lophotrochozoa - lophophore feeding structure and trochophore larvae (flatworms, annelids, molluscs)
Radiata - radial symmetry (placozoans, ctenophores, cnidarians)
Bilateria - bilateral symmetry + triploblastic (flatworms, annelids, molluscs, nematodes, arthropods)

Question 18

Which type of wood decay uses all compounds? 
A stain
B brown rot
C white rot
D soft rot

Answer 18

WHITE ROT! forms are white fibrous appeeance, ususally basidmycota

Brown rot is cellulose using peroxisome and forms a brown, crumbly appearance and basidoimycota
Soft rot is simple slow and moist
Stain is simple and mainlly ascomycota

Question 19

Which nutritional mode involves dead plant and animal tissue and is necessary for nutrient cycling?
necrotrophy
saphrotrophy
biotrophy

Answer 19

sacrotrophy! - important for soil stability and humus formation

Necrotrophy kills live plant and insect tissue and causes vascular wilts e.g dutch elm disease.
Biotrophy: parasitic, mutualistic or mycohizzae relationships e.g lichens - algae/cyanobacteria and fungi

Question 20

why do fungi require such diverse food intake priceses?

Answer 20

they lack chlorophyll so cant do p/s so main source is by carbon fixation/organic compounds from other sources!

Question 21

what type if growth do plants have

indeterminate or determinate?

Answer 21

indeterminate so undergo morphiloogical changes due to the enviroment. also immobile and will ocntinue to grow and have plasticity to re-differentiate

Question 22

what are features of dicots and name some crops

Answer 22

broad leaf plants
2 cots, branching veins
shorter and less bendy due to organised structure of vascular bundles
tap root and lateral roots for absorption

tomato, leafy veg, soy

Question 23

which are more diverse

angiosperms or gymniosperms?

Answer 23

ANGIOSPERMS - lots of morphology // petals!

gymnosperms is non floweing plant - has seeds

Question 24

name some monocots and features

Answer 24

wind pollination, 
one cot, parallell veins
longer and bendy as vacular tissue is orgnaisation random
fibrous root
# maize, rice, whaet, orchid, grass

Question 25

What are plants with seeds but no flowers called?
gymnosperms
angiosperms
monocot

Answer 25

OPTION A