mm- animal behavior

Question 1

What are sterility and suicide examples of? 
A Mutualistic behaviour
B Spitefulness
C Extreme altruism
D Selfish behaviour

Answer 1

C extreme altruism

Question 2

“A gene can maximise its transmission by maximising the reproductive success of the individual” This describes?
A Direct fitness
B Indirect fitness
C Kin selection

Answer 2

direct fitness!

Question 3

How is Hamilton’s rule calculated?

Answer 3

“r * B - C > 0 It identifies the conditions where altruism will spread due to kin selection. Where:
r - coefficient of relatedness between actor and recipient
B - benefit to recipient
C - cost to actor”

Question 4

What is the coefficient relatedness for a parent and their offspring?

Answer 4

0.5

Question 5

What is the coefficient relatedness for aunt/uncle and niece/nephew?

Answer 5

0.25

Question 6

“A gene can maximise its transmission by maximising the reproductive success of other individuals who share copies of that gene” this describes?
A Direct fitness
B Indirect fitness
C Kin selection

Answer 6

indirect fintess

Question 7

what is the coefficent relatedness for siblings

Answer 7

0.5

Question 8

"Behaviour that has a positive effect on self and a positive effect on others is? 
A Mutualistic
B Selfish
C Altruistic/cooperative
D Spiteful

Answer 8

a mutualistic!

Question 9

Behaviour that has a negative effect on self and a positive effect on others is?
A Mutualistic
B Selfish
C Altruistic/cooperative
D Spiteful

Answer 9

altruism

Question 10

“When will altruism be favoured?
A (rB) - C = 0
B (rB) - C > 0
C (r*B) - C < 0”

Answer 10

B when rB> C so the secon option - benefit to recipent is more than cost to the altruist

Question 11

Behaviour that has a negative effect on self and a negative effect on others is?
A Mutualistic
B Selfish
C Altruistic/cooperative
D Spiteful

Answer 11

D SPITE

Question 12

Behaviour that has a positive effect on self and a negative effect on others is?
A Mutualistic
B Selfish
C Altruistic/cooperative
D Spiteful

Answer 12

B SELFISH

Question 13

what is a common pitfall of studying animal behavior

Answer 13

aonthropomorphism - naive extrapolation from human to animal e.g. smiling may NOT be happy

Question 14

how do ritualised signals differ from cues?

Answer 14

they are more noticble (conspicuious)
have little variation (sterotype)
they are repetative
they can be DRAMATIC /alerting
> prevents ignoring from happening and increases efficacy and honesty BUT also manipulation

Question 15

how are natural and sexual selection similar?

Answer 15

variation between individuals affecting
> survival or reproductive success
that is inherited