biotech and GM Flashcards
which bacteria is vitamin C commercially produced from? A acetobacter B propionbacter C glucobacter D streptomycytes
OPTION C
> breaks down moee complex sugars - D sorbitol to L-sorbitol to ViC intermediates
a- acetobactor make vinegar from wine via femrentation so only for simple bacteria
b- ferments lactate to make swiss cheese
d- strep makes many antibiotics
what is the significance of ‘‘biomediation’’
has ability to counteract amny envrinmental issues by using microbial PROCESSES rather than the products!
eg.
what is pseudomonas bacterium and example of?
example of pathway engineering used in indigo prouction (to dye jeans) from tryphtophan
> used to be purifed from plants but as demand increased better methods were sought
Cortisol intermediate is created from which of the following Fungi? A Penicillium notatum B Penicillium griseotulum C Fusidium coccineum D Cephalosporium acremonium E Rhizpous arrhizus
OPTION E
steroids can be made from fungi. used to be extracted from animal adrenal glansa but that was very COSTLY
other pharmeceuticals include penicllin, statins and ergot alkaloids
Aspergillus species (FUNGI) fermentation produces mostly: A Fine chemicals B organic acids C pharmaceuticals D food products E alcohols
organic acids
such as citric acid, itaconic acid in paints and glucanoic acid (in toothpaste)
> aspergillus oryzoae used to ferment soybeans to make soysauce!
what is bioremidation?
it is the use of living (micro) organisms to detoxify and degrade enviromental poolutants
> platic, oil
> lots of research in wooddecaying ‘‘white-rot’’ fungi which can degrade lignin
what is protopolast fusion useful for?
A take cuttings from plants
B creating virus free plants
C create a wdie range of crosses
OPTION C
which best decribes indiog porduction?
A Express microbial enzymes in bacteria (Escheria coli), resulting in blue-coloured colonies
Boost production by adding tryptophan or indole
B Express microbial enzymes in fungi, resulting in blue-coloured mycelia
Boost production by adding tryptophan or indole
C Express microbial enzymes in bacteria (Escheria coli), resulting in blue-coloured colonies
Boost production by adding Methionine
D Express microbial enzymes in fungi, resulting in blue-coloured mycelia
Boost production by adding Methionine
E Express microbial enzymes in bacteria (Escheria coli), resulting in blue-coloured colonies
Boost production by adding tryptophan or pyrrole
OPTION A
> uses tryptophan or indole so ELIMINATE the others> bacteria not fungi
> uses oxygenase enzyme
How is swiss cheese made using bacteria?
A Propionic acid bacteria ferments lactate to give acetate and lactic acid, giving holes and nutty sweet flavour
B Propionic acid bacteria ferments lactate to give acetate only, giving holes and nutty sweet flavour
C Propionic acid bacteria ferments lactate to give acetate, propionate and carbon dioxide, these products give holes in the cheese, giving nutty sweet flavour.
OPTION C
> propionic acid contributes to taste, co2 for the holes
What is pathway engineering?
A The manipulation of genetic and regulatory processes to produce new pathways of interest.
B The manipulation of genetic and regulatory processes to produce metabolites of interest.
C The manipulation of biochemical reactions to produce metabolites of interest.
D The manipulation of biological pathways to produce compounds of interest.
option b!
> AGAIN ELIMINATION process as its metabllites we want!
Which statement is true regarding Bioremediation?
A It employs the use of living organisms, like humans, for the removal of contaminants and pollutants.
B It employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria, for the production of therapeutics.
C It employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria, for the removal of contaminants and pollutants.
DNone of the above.
option c
> can help solve environmental issues
Which statement is true regarding Bioremediation?
A It employs the use of living organisms, like humans, for the removal of contaminants and pollutants.
B It employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria, for the production of therapeutics.
C It employs the use of living organisms, like microbes and bacteria, for the removal of contaminants and pollutants.
D None of the above.
option c
> can help solve environmental issues
e.g. bioming+ microbial leaching, degrading plastig,
how does the Pfeizer vaccine (mRNA vaccine) work?
Pfizer employs mRNA technology in a lipid carrier which can enter a host cell and instruct it to translate the spike protein antigen.
> others use a viral vector instead from chimapanzee cold virus to trigger response
What is microbial leeching?
Process of metals being dissolved form ore bearing rocks using micro-organisms
Process of organic material being leeched out of organic materials
Process of organic material being leeched out of inorganic materials
Process of inorganic material being leeched out of organic materials
option a
got microbe in its name
How is human protein production achieved?
A Manipulation of gene expression in microorganisms so it expresses large amounts of human genes.
B Manipulation in any organism so it expresses large amounts of recombinant genes.
C Manipulation of gene expression in microorganisms so it expresses large amounts of recombinant genes.
OPTION C
use microorgs as they grow rapidly, on cheap substrates and can give a range of products
