Mitral Valve Disorders Flashcards
Mitral Stenosis etiology?
Usually rheumatic heart disease
What happens to Mitral valve in Mitral stenosis?
Fish-mouth appearance;
fibrous thickening;
calcification of leaflets;
fusion of commissures;
shortening of chordae tendineae
Mitral Stenosis clinical signs?
present 10+ years after rheumatic fever
dyspnea on exertion,
orthopnea,
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
low-frequency, rumbling, mid-diastolic murmur
high-pitched opening snap after S2 (best heard at apex)
left atrial dilation
Mitral Stenosis Complications
left atrial fibrillation,
predisposition to subacute endocarditis,
right heart failure secondary to pulmonary hypertension
Mitral Stenosis Treatment?
Valve replacement if severe;
treatment of heart failure if needed
Mitral Regurgitation causes?
Rheumatic heart disease,
mitral valve prolapse,
Infective endocarditis,
papillary muscle damage after MI
LV dilatation
Mitral Regurgitation pathogenesis?
Results from distortion of normal alignment of mitral valve and/or papillary
muscles
Mitral Regurgitation clinical signs?
Holosystolic high-pitched blowing murmur best heard at apex with radiation to axilla;
S3 may be present.
acute: pulmonary edema
chronic: fatigue + weakness on exertion
Mitral Regurgitation complications?
Pulmonary hypertension and RV failure
Mitral Regurgitation treatment?
Endocarditis prophylaxis;
Mitral valve replacement
Mitral valve prolapse clinical signs?
- Most common heart valve murmur presenting in young women
2. late systolic murmur with midsystolic click
Mitral valve prolapse pathogenesis?
- Myxomatous degeneration of mitral valve leaflet causing it to enlarge and be abnormally stretchy
- balloons into the left atrium during systole
Mitral valve prolapse gross fx?
annular dilation,
thinned chordae tendineae
fibrous thickening of valve leaflets
Mitral valve prolapse associated with?
Usually benign condition associated with Connective tissue diseases (eg, Marfan syndrome)
