Acute Myocardial Infarction

Question 1

Acute Myocardial Infarction causes?

Answer 1

vasospasm,
embolus,
atherosclerotic thrombus resulting in coronary artery
occlusion

Question 2

Acute Myocardial Infarction Risk factors?

Answer 2

increasing age, 
hypertension, 
smoking, 
diabetes, 
male gender, postmenopausal women,  hyperlipidemia

Question 3

POST AMI micro fx?

Answer 3

1. below 12 hrs= no micro change visible
2. 12-24 hrs= infarct area brightly eosinophilc, myocytes anucleate, interstitial edema
3. 1-3 Days= Neutrophilic Infiltration
4. 3-10 Days= macrophagic infiltrate, granulation tissue at periphery of infarct, progress towards centre
5. 10 days- 2 months= scar formation
6. after 2 months= fibrous scar

Question 4

POST AMI macro fx?

Answer 4

1. below 12 hrs= no macro change visible
2. 12-24 hrs= pale with blotchy discolouration
3. 1-3 Days= soft, pale, yellow area
4. 3-10 Days= hyperemic border around yellow area
5. 10 days- 2 months= scar formation
6. after 2 months= fibrous scar

Question 5

Acute MI clinical signs?

Answer 5

1. Crushing, substernal chest pain with radiation to jaw and left arm;
2. dyspnea;
3. nausea;
4. diaphoresis

Question 6

Acute MI complications?

Answer 6

1. cardiac arrhythmia (can cause sudden death within first few days),
2. fibrinous pericarditis (within 3-5 days),
3. pulmonary edema,
4. CHF,
5. shock,
6. thromboembolism,
7. rupture of
   ventricular free wall or septum (VSD) (within 7-10 days),
8. rupture of papillary muscle leading to
   mitral regurgitation,

Dressler syndrome (autoimmune fibrinous pericarditis, 1-3 weeks
post-MI)

Question 7

Acute MI Treatment?

Answer 7

Thrombolytic therapy and/or coronary angioplasty for early MI