Endocarditis Flashcards
Acute Endocarditis causes?
Often caused by Staphylococcus aureus, especially IV drug abuse
Subacute Endocarditis causes?
Often caused by Viridans streptococci (eg. S mutans); often occurs after dental procedures
Acute Endocarditis gross fx?
Large vegetations consisting of fibrin, inflammatory cells, and bacteria on previously normal valves
Subacute Endocarditis gross fx?
Small vegetations consisting of fibrin, chronic inflammatory cells, and fibrosis on abnormal valves
Acute Endocarditis exclusive clinical signs?
Sudden high fever with chills; new onset of murmur
Subacute Endocarditis exclusive clinical signs?
Insidious onset with low-grade fever
ALL infective endocarditis clinical signs?
- Splinter hemorrhages in nails (manifestation of
microthromboemboli) - Janeway lesions (erythematous or hemorrhagic nontender
lesions on the palms or soles) - Osler nodes (subcutaneous nodules in the pulp of digits)
- Roth spots (retinal hemorrhages)
- Bactermia
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis causes?
Coagulase negative staphylococci (e.g. Staphylococcus
epidermidis)
Other organisms which cause Infective Endocarditis?
Enterococci,
HACEK group, Streptococcus bovis, Brucella,
Bartonella,
Coxiella burnettii
Infective Endocarditis complications?
Chordae tendineae rupture, perforation of valvular leaflet,
heart failure,
suppurative pericarditis, septic emboli
Acute Endocarditis Treatment?
Broad spectrum antibiotics; may need surgical treatment if severe
Subacute Endocarditis Treatment?
Broad spectrum antibiotics; prophylaxis of SBE with antibiotics in susceptible
individuals before dental procedures
Nonbacterial (noninfective) endocarditis is associated with?
sterile emboli
Nonbacterial (noninfective) endocarditis seen in?
cancer metastasis
renal failure (marantic endocarditis),
SLE (Libman-Sacks endocarditis, which demonstrates
vegetation on both sides of valve),
DIC
carcinoid syndrome
