Mitral Stenosis Flashcards
1
Q
What is heard on the apex in mitral stenosis?
A
Tapping
2
Q
What effect does mitral stenosis have on the heart sounds?
A
- Loud S1
3
Q
What is the clinical definition of mitral stenosis?
A
- Mitral valve orifice <2cm
4
Q
What does mitral stenosis result in in the left atrium and pulmonary system?
A
- Increasing pressure
5
Q
What does an increase pressure in the left atrium and pulmonary circulation result in?
A
- Right heart dilation
6
Q
How do you auscultate the diastolic murmur caused by mitral stenosis?
A
- Patient lying on their left hand side
- Auscultate with bell on apex
7
Q
Symptoms?
A
- Dyspnoea
- Haemoptysis
- Chest pain
- Hoarseness
8
Q
What causes dyspnoea in mitral stenosis?
A
- Exertion due to pulmonary oedema
9
Q
What causes haemoptysis in mitral stenosis?
A
- Rupture of thin vein walls
10
Q
What causes hoarseness in mitral stenosis?
A
- Compression of left recurrent pharyngeal nerve similar to a pancoast tumour
11
Q
Signs?
A
- Right heart dilation
- Pulmonary oedema (base)
- Systemic embolisation
- Rosie facial flush
- Normal pulse
- Prominent JVP A wave
- Tapping apex beat
- Mid diastolic thrill
- Right ventricular heave
- Loud S1
12
Q
Causes of mitral stenosis?
A
- Rheumatic heart disease
- Congenital mitral stenosis
- SLE
13
Q
Initial investigations?
A
- ECG
- CxR
- Echocardiogram
- Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
14
Q
What will you find on an ECG?
A
- P wave longer than 0.12s
15
Q
What will be seen on a CxR?
A
- LA enlargment
