Infective Endocarditis Flashcards
1
Q
What is infective endocarditis?
A
- Infection of the heart
2
Q
What structures of the heart can be infected?
A
- Endocardium
- Heart valves
- Intraventricular septum
- Chordae tendinae
3
Q
What can inflammation of the valves and heart lead to?
A
- Heart failure
- Ischaemia
4
Q
What is meant by infective endocarditis being “not uniform”?
A
- Various presentations
- Can depend on underlying cardiac disease
- Microorganisms involved
- Complications
5
Q
Symptoms?
A
- Fever
- Fatigue
- Malaise
- Chills
- Arthralgia
- Weight loss
- Headache
6
Q
Signs?
A
- Pyrexia
- Congestive heart failure
- Murmur
- Vasculitic rash
- Janeway lesions
- Roth spots
- Oslers nodes
- Nephritis
- Splinter haemorrhages
- Clubbing
7
Q
What is vasculitic rash?
A
- A rash of the feet
- Non blanching
8
Q
What are janeway lesions?
A
- Lesions in the palms and soles
- Non tender
9
Q
What are roth spots?
A
- Retinal haemorrages
10
Q
What are oslers nodes?
A
- Deep red spots in the fingers
- Painful and raised
11
Q
Use FROM JANE to remember
A
- F - Fever
- R - roth spots
- O - oslers nodes
- M - malaise
- J - janeway lesions
- A - arthralgia
- N - nephritis
- E - embolic phenomena
12
Q
Risk factors?
A
- Male
- Elderly
- Prosthetic valves
- Cardiac risk factors
- IVDA
- Immunocompromised
- Diabetes
- AIDS
13
Q
Who is more likely to get it and who has a worse prognosis between male and female?
A
- Males more likely
- Females worse prognosis
14
Q
Causes?
A
- Rheumatic fever
- Valvular disease
- Gingival disease
- Congenital heart disease
- Invasive procedures
15
Q
Initial blood work?
A
- FBC (look for neutrophilia)
- CRP
- ESR
- U+E’s (nephritis/infection/sepsis)
