Mitral Regurgitation Flashcards
Define MR
Backflow of blood from the LV to the LA during systole
How many normal individuals have mild MR?
80%
What are the common causes of MR?
Mitral valve prolapse, myxomatous degeneration, ischaemic MR, rheumatic HD, IE
What is the main issue that MR causes?
Pure volume overload
How does the heart compensate in MR?
LA enlargement, LVH, increased contractility
How does PH due to MR cause pathology?
Progressive LA dilation, RV dysfunction
How does progressive LV volume overload cause pathology?
Dilation –> HF
What are the key presentations of MR?
Exertional dyspnoea, fatigue, palpitations
What are common signs of MR?
Displaced, hyperdynamic apex beat, pansystolic murmur at apex
What is the gold standard test?
Echo
What would you see on an echo?
LA and LV size and function, valve structure assessment
What would you see on a CXR?
LA and LV enlargement, central pulmonary artery enlargement, pulmonary oedema
What would you see on an ECG?
LA enlargement, AF, LVH
What medications would you prescribe in AF and MR?
HR control drugs, anticoagulants
What medications would you prescribe?
Vasodilators, diuretics
