Mitosis/Meiosis Structure Naming and Functions Flashcards
What is chromatin?
Non-compacted DNA
What is a chromatid?
A half chromosome
What is a pair of chromatids that share the same chromosome number called?
Sister chromatids
When two sister chromatids come together, they form what?
A chromosome
What holds a chromosome together?
The centromere
What creates polarity in mitosis?
The centrosomes
What do centrosomes create to pull chromosomes apart in anaphase?
A microtubular spindle network.
Where do the spindles attach to chromosomes?
At the two kinetochore sites in the center of each chromosome (sites are on opposite sides)
During metaphase, what do the chromosomes line up on?
The equatorial plate.
What protects DNA housed in the nucleus from outside damage?
The nuclear envelope.
What are centromeres made out of?
Centrioles, which are made out of the subcomponent of 9 microtubule triplets.
What is the cleavage furrow?
The site at which the cells pinch apart from one another during Cytokinesis.
What is a daughter cell?
The result of mitosis after the two cells split to become independent.
What is a haploid cell?
A cell containing only half (n) of the required genetic information to make a functioning offspring.
What is a diploid cell?
A cell that contains two complete sets of chromosomes, one paternal, one maternal set (2n).
What are zygotes?
When two gametes, one from dad, and one from mom, combine to create a new organism.
What are chiasmata?
The bridges that form between two homologous chromosomes.
What is a recombinant chromatid?
A cell with two versions of DNA due to crossing over.
What is a homologous pair?
Two chromatids that share the same chromosome number, but are from a different parent cells.
What is a tetrad?
The set of 4 chromatids that make up a chromosome number.
What are gametes?
A haploid cell that when combined with another haploid cell, can make a new organism.
What is autosomal DNA?
The chromosomes that do not determine sex of an organism.
What are sex chromosomes?
The X and Y chromosomes that determine the sex of the offspring.
