Genetics Relationships of Systems Flashcards
Why is Mendelian genetics not able to accurately predict what phenotypes are going to be passed on to offspring and expressed?
During Meiosis I, In Prophase 1, two of the non-sister chromatids cross over and exchange genetic information. Due to this factor, some offspring are not accounted for by Mendelian genetics because the swapping of DNA can push offspring to become progeny that no longer have their parental phenotypes.
How can you increase the rate of recombinant frequency?
As loci get farther and farther apart, the exchange of information is much more common. This means that the chance of a non-parental phenotype increases.
What are the two types of of sexual reproduction?
Monoecious - 1 organism produces both kinds of gametes and self fertilizes in order to produce offspring.
Dioecious - Organisms in this group produce only one type of gamete and need to sexually reproduce in order to have offspring.
What are sex chromosomes and what do they determine?
Sex chromosomes are a unique pair of chromosomes that determine what reproductive organs an offspring will get.
XX = Female XY = Male
What are autosomes?
Autosomes are the other 22 chromosomes that determine almost everything else about the offspring, except the sex of course.
What is primary sex determination?
It is the process in which the developing body becomes a boy or a girl depending on the presence of certain hormones, enzymes, and inhibitors.
What are secondary sex characteristics?
They are the features that distinguish males from females or vis versa.
