Mitosis / Meiosis

Question 1

humans have a total of _____ chromosome pairs, or ______ chromosomes

Answer 1

23 pairs

46 chromosomes

Question 2

body cells, all except for germ cells

Answer 2

somatic cells

Question 3

how many chromosomes are in each individual’s gametes

Answer 3

23 chromosomes

Question 4

Part of cell cycle that includes G1, S, and G2 phases

Answer 4

interphase

Question 5

part of interphase that doubles cytoplasm and organelles

periods of cell growth

Answer 5

G1 and G2

Question 6

part of interphase where DNA is replication / synthesized
DNA goes from single stranded to double stranded
DNA still in the form of chromatin

Answer 6

S phase

Question 7

four stages of mitosis

Answer 7

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 8

period of cell cycle where no further division occurs

nerve and muscle cells arrested in this stage

Answer 8

G(o)

Question 9

In the S phase, homologous paris of chromosomes join together to form ______

Answer 9

sister chromatids

Question 10

stage of mitosis
chromatin condenses into chromosomes
spindle apparatus forms
nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear

Answer 10

prophase

Question 11

stage of mitosis
chromsomes line up single file on the equatorial plane and each one attaches to a separate spindle fiber by its kinetochore

Answer 11

metaphase

Question 12

state of mitosis

sister chromatids separate and migrate to the poles

Answer 12

anaphase

Question 13

stage of mitosis
two cells are formed
nuclear membrane is formed around both nuclei
cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm) occurs
two identical, diploid cells with single stranded chromosomes are formed

Answer 13

telophase

Question 14

conservative cell division

occurs in all somatic cells

Answer 14

mitosis

Question 15

stage of meiosis
same as in mitosis; start with a diploid cell
double stranded chromosomes

Answer 15

interphase I

Question 16

stage of meiosis
chromatin condenses into chromosomes
spindle apparatus forms
nucleoli and nuclear membrane disappear
homologous chromosomes come together and overlap (synapsis)
each chromosome consists of 2 sister chromatids, this is called a TETRAD (4 chromatids)
genetic recombination/crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes
chromosomes are joined at chiasmata
genetic recombination promotes variation–daughter cells not identical to the parent

Answer 16

prophase I

Question 17

at what stage in Meiosis does genetic recombination occur?

Answer 17

prophase I

Question 18

where are two chromosomes joined?

Answer 18

chiasmata

Question 19

what is it called when two homologous chromosomes come together and overlap?

Answer 19

tetrad (4 chromatids)

Question 20

what promotes variation among offspring in animals?

Answer 20

genetic recombination during prophase I of meiosis

Question 21

stage in meiosis
homologus pairs line up along the equatorial plate
attach to spindle fibers

Answer 21

metaphase I

Question 22

stage in meiosis

homologous chromosomes are separated and move to opposite poles (disjunction)

Answer 22

anaphase I

Question 23

if chromosome pairs fail to separate

Answer 23

nondisjunction

Question 24

gametes w/ one extra chromosome

Answer 24

trisomy

Question 25

gametes w/ one chromosome

Answer 25

monosomy

Question 26

stage in meiosis nuclear membrane forms around each nucleus each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids and a centromere each cell has been reduced to the haploid condition

Answer 26

telophase I and cytokinesis

Question 27

second phase of meiosis analogous to mitosis produces 4 haploid cells which are different from the parent cells contains single stranded chromosomes (germ cells)

Answer 27

meiosis II

Question 28

process in which each new helix has an intact strand from the parent helix and a newly synthesized strand

Answer 28

semiconservative (DNA replication)

Question 29

involved in eukaryotic protein synthesis | RNA polymerase synthesizes hnRNA using a DNA "antisense strand" as a template

Answer 29

transcription

Question 30

involved in eukaryotic protein synthesis introns are cut out of hnRNA exons are spliced to form mRNA (expressed)

Answer 30

post-transcriptional processing

Question 31

involved in eukaryotic protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes in the cytoplasm mRNA converted into protein

Answer 31

translation

Question 32

involved in eukaryotic protein synthesis i.e. disulfide bonds modifications made before the polypeptide becomes a functional protein

Answer 32

post-translational modifications