Enzymes Flashcards
accelerate the rate of a chemical reaction by decreasing the amount of activation energy necessary for the chemical rxn to proceed
neither changed nor consumed during a rxn
enzymes
an enzyme will only catalyze one specific reaction
enzyme specificity
molecules upon which an enzyme acts
substrates
substrate binds to the ________ of an enzyme
active site
factors that affect enzymes
pH
concentration of substrate and enzyme
temperature
enzyme cofactors
factor that affects enzymes
rate of enzyme-catalyzed reaction increases as this increases, but only to a certain optimum point. Above this, enzymes denature and they no long work
temperature
factor that affects enzyme
each enzyme has an optimal level (typically around neutral)
above or below this point, enzyme activity declines
exception: pepsin in stomach
pH
if the concentration of enzyme is limited, then even if substrate concentration increases, the rate of the reaction will ______ bc there is no more enzyme available to bind w/ substrate
level off (Vmax)
many enymes require these nonprotein molecules to become active
cofactors / coenzymes
a vitamin is a special type of ____. (Ex: Vitamin C)
coenzyme
type of enzyme regulation
binding of an effector molecule at the allosteric site (separate from active site)
induces shape change in the enzymes
allosteric regulation
type of enzyme regulation
end product inhibits an initial enzyme pathway
feedback inhibition
type of enzyme regulation
competitive inhibitors bind to active site
noncompetitive inhibitors bind to the allosteric site
reversible inhibition
2 types of reversible inhibition
competitive inhibition (bind to active site) noncompetitive inhibition (bind to allosteric site)
