Cell Structure / Organization

Question 1

Eukaryotic cell structure

Answer 1

nucleus (membrane bound)
DNA on linear chromosomes
cell wall (plants)
cell membrane
membrane bound organelles
ribosomes
mitochondria

Question 2

prokaryotic cell structure

Answer 2

no nucleus
DNA on single circular chromosomes
cell wall
well membrane
no membranous organelles
ribosomes
no mitochondria

Question 3

organelle composed of phospholipid bilayer w. embedded proteins
hydrophobic and hydrophillic regions
selectively permeable
regulates what goes into and out of cell
small, nonpolar molecules can readily cross
large, polar molecules cannot cross without assistance (i.e. from protein channels)

Answer 3

cell membrane

Question 4

surrounded by nuclear membrane in eukaryotes
controls activity of the celll
contains chromosomes (DNA + histone proteins)
contains nucleolus

Answer 4

nucleus

Question 5

site on transcription

contained inside nucleus

Answer 5

nucleolus

Question 6

site of protein synthesis (translation)
2 subunits
made from rRNA and proteins
found on rough ER and in cytoplasm
in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Answer 6

ribosomes

Question 7

membrane enclosed spaces connected at points w/ the nuclear membrane
two forms: smooth and rough

Answer 7

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

site of lipid synthsis and detox of drugs and poisons

Answer 8

smooth ER

Question 9

site of protein synthesis, contains ribosomes

Answer 9

rough ER

Question 10

stack of membrane-enclosed sacs
site of packaging, modification, and distribution of material from ER
“Post office” of the cell

Answer 10

golgi apparatus

Question 11

membrane enclosed package of hydrolytic enzymes
intracellular digestion
aids in renewal of cell’s own components by breaking them down

Answer 11

lysosomes

Question 12

membrane enclosed sacs
can duse w/ the lysosome to digest their contents
pump excess water out of protists
functions as a storage place in plants

Answer 12

vacuoles

Question 13

powerhouse of the cell
produces ATP through aerobic respiration
surrounded by phospholipid bilayer
contains own circular chromosome and ribosomes like prokaryotes
may have been early prokaryotic ells that developed symbiotic relationship w/ the ancestors of eukaryotes
in eukaryotes only, not prokaryotes

Answer 13

mitochondria

Question 14

important steroid molecule in the plasma membrane

provides structural support

Answer 14

cholesterol

Question 15

exterior region of the membrane is ______ due to polar head groups on phospholipids

Answer 15

hydrophilic

Question 16

interior region of the membrane is ________ due to nonpolar hydrocarbon chains (fatty acids)

Answer 16

hydrophobic