Mitosis And Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is a p arm?

A

Short arm of chromatid

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2
Q

What is the q arm?

A

Long arm of chromatid

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3
Q

What is a telomere?

A

Repeated sequences at each end of a chromosome or chromatid

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4
Q

What is a centromere?

A

Repetitive sequence that links sister chromatids

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5
Q

What are the positions of centromeres called?

A

Metacentric- middle
Submetacentric
Afrocentric
Telcentric- top

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6
Q

How are chromosomes grouped?

A

According to size and shaped

In groups A-G

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7
Q

What is mitosis?

A

Cell division in somatic cells

Produces two identical daughter cells

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8
Q

What tissues is mitosis necessary for?

A

Epidermis
Mucosae
Bone marrow
Spermatogonia

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9
Q

What occurs in prophase?

A

Spindle fibres appear
chromosomes condense
Nuclear membrane breaks down

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10
Q

What occurs in prometaphase?

A

Spindle fibres attach to chromosomes

Chromosomes condense

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11
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

Chromosomes align at the equator

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12
Q

What happens at anaphase?

A

Centromeres divide

Sister chromatids move to opposite poles

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13
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

Nuclear membrane reforms
Spindle fibres disappear
Chromosomes decondense

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14
Q

What happens in cytokinesis?

A

Cytoplasm divides

2 genetically identical daughter cells form

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15
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of the same gene

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16
Q

Where are chromosomes during interphase?

A

Chromosome territories

17
Q

What alleles do sister chromosomes have?

A

The same

18
Q

What is meiosis?

A
Cell division for germ line cells 
Produces 4 non-identical cells 
Haploid
One round of replication and two rounds of division 
Egg and sperm produced
19
Q

What occurs in prophase I?

A

Nuclear membrane breaks down
Chromosomes condense
Crossing over occurs

20
Q

What occurs in metaphase I?

A

Pairs of homologous chromosomes move to the equator of the cell

21
Q

What occurs in Anaphase I?

A

Homologous chromosomes move to opposite poles of the cell

22
Q

What occurs in telophase I?

A

Chromosomes gather at poles of the cell

23
Q

What occurs in prophase II?

A

New spindle forms

24
Q

What occurs in metaphase II?

A

Chromosomes line up at the equator

25
Q

What happens in anaphase II?

A

Centromeres divide and chromatids move to opposite poles of the cell

26
Q

What happens in telophase II?

A

Nuclear envelope reforms

27
Q

How does genetic diversity occur?

A

Random assortment of chromosomes

Crossing over of genetic material

28
Q

What is spermatogenesis?

A

Cell division to produce male gametes
1 cell (spermatocyte)- 4 sperm
Takes around 60 days

29
Q

What is oogenesis?

A

Cell division to produce female gametes
1 cell (oocyte) - 1 egg and 3 polar bodies
Takes 12-50 years

30
Q

What are the consequences of missegregation in meiosis?

A

Third of miscarriages
Infertility
Mental retardation

31
Q

What is non-dysfunction at anaphase?

A

Where the incorrect number of chromosomes is moved to each pole
1 cell gets 2 chromosomes
1 cell gets 0 chromosomes
Leads to aneuploidy

32
Q

What is the format to describe a karyotype?

A

Chromosome number, sex complement and structural changes separated by commas
E.g. 47, XY, +21
Male with trisomy 21

33
Q

What does mitotic dysfunction in first post zygote can division lead to?

A

One with less chromosomes Usually lost unless involved X

34
Q

If non disjunction occurs in later cell divisions

A

Leads to mosaic karyotype

35
Q

What is mosaicism?

A

Presence of two or more cell lines in an individual