Basic Cell Structure

Question 1

What is the limit of resolution?

Answer 1

The minimum distance at which two objects can be distinguished
Light microscope- 0.2 micrometres
Electron microscope- 0.002nm

Question 2

Which type of cells contain organelles?

Answer 2

Eukaryotic cells

Question 3

How many proteins does a normal mammalian cell synthesise?

Answer 3

10,000

Question 4

What is the structure and function of a plasma membrane?

Answer 4

Selective permeability
Transport of materials along cell surface
Endocytosis and exocytosis
Intracellular adhesion 
Intracellular recognition
Signal transduction

Question 5

What is the structure and function of the glycocalyx?

Answer 5

Oligosaccharide and polysaccharide coat

Identifier that the body uses to distinguish between healthy cells and foreign or diseased cells

Question 6

What is the structure and function of the nucleus?

Answer 6

Contains the majority of the cells genetic material
Control centre of the cell
Surrounded by the nuclear envelope and contains the nucleolus

Question 7

What is the structure and function of the nuclear envelope?

Answer 7

Double membrane with multiple pores

Pores regulate package of macromolecules but allow free passage of water, ions, ATP and other small molecules

Question 8

What is the structure and function of the nucleolus?

Answer 8

Ribosomes synthesis

Question 9

What is the structure and function of the Smooth ER?

Answer 9

Lipid synthesis e.g. Hormones and lysosomes

Question 10

What is the structure and function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 10

Ribosomes attach with are used for translation for protein synthesis

Question 11

What is the structure and function of secretory vesicles?

Answer 11

Used for transportation around the cell and to the cell membrane where they are secreted

Question 12

What is the structure and function of ribosomes?

Answer 12

Translation for protein synthesis

Question 13

What is the structure and function of the Golgi?

Answer 13

Modify, sort, concentrate and package proteins

Question 14

What is the structure and function of lysosomes?

Answer 14

Contain digestive enzymes which break down waste materials

Question 15

What is the structure and function of peroxisomes?

Answer 15

Breakdown of long fatty acid chains

Question 16

What is the structure and function of mitochondria?

Answer 16

Produce ATP for the cell via respiration

Can divide, have own genetic information, female lineage, double membrane

Question 17

What is the structure and function of the Cytoskeleton?

Answer 17

Framework for movement of organelles through the cell

Question 18

What is the fluid mosaic model?

Answer 18

Contains phospholipid bilayer with hydrophobic tails and hydrophilic head
Within the bilayer there are proteins and cholesterol
This structure is dynamic and moves so the proteins drift throughout
Mosaic as has different components

Question 19

How does the cytoskeleton interact?

Answer 19

Made of microtubules, actin filaments and intermediate filaments
Actin(micro) filaments and intermediate filaments are used as tension bearing cables that maintain cellular shape
Microtubules guide movement of organelles and chromosomes and are support beams

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YPJ0ABNsLuw