Mitosis and Cancer (Mid 3) Flashcards
Cats have 19 pairs of chromosomes. Which of the following is not true based on this?
a
An egg from a cat will contain 19 chromosomes
b
Most cat cells will contain 38 alleles
c
A diploid cat cell will contain 38 chromosomes
d
The n for cats is 19 and 2n is 38
e
All of the above are true
b
Most cat cells will contain 38 alleles
The diploid cells of domestic dog have 78 chromosomes. After interphase (and thus DNA duplication), but before cell division, how many chromatids will a dog cell contain?
156
Compared to asexual reproduction, a unique feature of sexual reproduction is:
a
Cellular division
b
The production of offspring
c
The ability to generate new genetic combinations
d
Two of the above
e
All of the above
c
The ability to generate new genetic combinations
Sort these stages of the cell cycle/cell division into the order they occur in the cell cycle and mitosis
Stage where chromosomes line up
Stage of duplication of DNA and of growth
Stage where sister chromatids are pulled apart
Stage where the new cells split apart
Stage where chromosomes are condensing and nuclear membrane is dissolving
Stage of duplication of DNA and of growth
Stage where chromosomes are condensing and nuclear membrane is dissolving
Stage where chromosomes line up
Stage where sister chromatids are pulled apart
Stage where the new cells split apart
If you were to look at a slide of skin cells (cells which divided often), what stage of the cell cycle would most of the cells be in? That is, what would most of the cells be doing?
a
Stage where chromosomes line up
b
Stage where the new cells split apart
c
Stage where sister chromatids are pulled apart
d
Stage of duplication of DNA and of growth
e
Stage where chromosomes are condensing and nuclear membrane is dissolving
d
Stage of duplication of DNA and of growth
A cell near the end of anaphase of mitosis will have:
a
one large nuclear envelope
b
no chromosomes in the center of the cell
c
chromosomes clustered tightly at the center
d
individual chromatids beginning to separate from one another
e
chromosomes clustered at one end of the cell
b
no chromosomes in the center of the cell
The following are statements comparing homologous chromosomes and sister chromatids. Choose all statements that are true
a
After DNA replication¸ but before cell division¸ there are twice as many chromatids as there are chromosomes
b
A pair of sister chromatids originally have identical genes and identical alleles¸ whereas a pair of homologous chromosomes contain the same genes but may contain different alleles
c
Homologous chromosome pairs are separated during meiosis¸ but not during mitosis. Sister chromatids are separated in both forms of cell division
d
A pair of sister chromatids is typically depicted as being connected in an X-like structure - once the pair is pulled apart¸ the chromatids are considered separate chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are always considered separate chromosomes¸ no matter which part of cell division is being considered
a
After DNA replication¸ but before cell division¸ there are twice as many chromatids as there are chromosomes
b
A pair of sister chromatids originally have identical genes and identical alleles¸ whereas a pair of homologous chromosomes contain the same genes but may contain different alleles
c
Homologous chromosome pairs are separated during meiosis¸ but not during mitosis. Sister chromatids are separated in both forms of cell division
d
A pair of sister chromatids is typically depicted as being connected in an X-like structure - once the pair is pulled apart¸ the chromatids are considered separate chromosomes. Homologous chromosomes are always considered separate chromosomes¸ no matter which part of cell division is being considered
Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that prevents:
a
formation of a cleavage furrow
b
cell-wall formation
c
elongation of microtubules
d
nuclear envelope breakdown
e
shortening of microtubules
e
shortening of microtubules
FtsZ is a bacterial cytoskeletal protein that forms a contractile ring involved in bacterial cytokinesis. Its function is analogous to:
a
the cell plate of eukaryotic plant cells
b
the mitotic spindle of eukaryotic cells
c
the microtubule-organizing center (centrosome) of eukaryotic cells
d
the cleavage furrow of eukaryotic animal cells
d
the cleavage furrow of eukaryotic animal cells
The M-phase checkpoint ensures that all chromosomes are attached to the mitotic spindle before the cell can start anaphase. If the chromosomes are not attached, this checkpoint would cause the cell to be arrested/stuck in:
a
metaphase
b
interphase
c
prophase
d
prometaphase
e
telophase
a
metaphase
The defining features of cancerous cells are that they: (choose all that apply)
Multiple answers:
Multiple answers are accepted for this question
a
no longer have DNA or a nucleus
b
no longer use oxygen for cellular respiration
c
no longer look and function like the tissue they originally came from
d
divide uncontrollably
e
None of the above
c
no longer look and function like the tissue they originally came from
d
divide uncontrollably
Put the following in order of the events leading up to malignant cancer:
Abnormally fast cell division
In situ (localized) cancer
Metastasis
Structural changes in cells
Abnormally fast cell division
Structural changes in cells
In situ (localized) cancer
Metastasis
A gene for a growth factor (a protein involved in normal cell growth) mutates so that it produces growth factor constantly, triggering abnormal cell growth. What is the best term for the mutated gene?
a
Proto-oncogene
b
Oncogene
c
Tumor suppressor gene
d
Mutator gene
b
Oncogene
Vinblastine is a standard chemotherapeutic drug used to treat cancer. Because it interferes with the assembly of microtubules, its effectiveness must be related to:
a
inhibition of DNA synthesis
b
suppression of cyclin production
c
inhibition of p53 tumor suppressor protein
d
inhibition of regulatory protein phosphorylation
e
disruption of formation of spindle apparatus during mitosis
e
disruption of formation of spindle apparatus during mitosis
Which of the following is true concerning cancer?(select all that apply)
a
Some cancers fool the body into growing new blood vessels that supply the cancer with nutrients
b
One of the reasons that there is currently no cure for cancer is because it is hard to target cancer cells without also targeting healthy cells
c
Some people are genetically predisposed to certain cancers
d
A single malfunctioning gene can cause a metastatic cancer
e
All of the above are true
a
Some cancers fool the body into growing new blood vessels that supply the cancer with nutrients
b
One of the reasons that there is currently no cure for cancer is because it is hard to target cancer cells without also targeting healthy cells
c
Some people are genetically predisposed to certain cancers
