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Biology > Mitosis > Flashcards

Mitosis Flashcards

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1
Q

Why does mitosis occur?

A

growth
repair / heal
asexual reproduction

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2
Q

What are some examples of cells that are constantly dividing?

A

epithelial

intestinal

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3
Q

What are some examples of cells that divide rarely / never?

A

brain - nerve
spinal cord - nerve
cardiac (heart muscle)

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4
Q

What are the methods a cell can divide?

A

mitosis

meiosis

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5
Q

What is the MAIN difference between mitosis and meiosis?

A

mitosis is division of somatic cells

meiosis is creation of new sex cells

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6
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

all cells except for sex cells

genes will not be passed on

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7
Q

What is a germ cell?

A

a cell destined to gamete

genes will be passed on

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8
Q

What is diploid (2N)?

A

a cell pair with 2 chromosome sets in each of its cells

all body cells (SOMATIC CELLS)

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9
Q

What is haploid (N)?

A

a cell with 1 chromosome set in each cell

all gamete cells

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10
Q

Draw and annotate a somatic cell

A

CONGRATTTSSS YOOOU DDIIIDD IT !!!

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11
Q

What are the features of a somatic cell?

A 
plasma membrane
spindle microtubules
sister chromatids
centromere
centriole
telomere
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12
Q

What are the characteristics of mitosis?

A

diploid cell will produce diploid cell

chromosome number remains the same

DNA remains identical of parent cell
one cell (2N) will produce 2 cells (both 2N)

nucleus of cell divides = 2 nuclei

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13
Q

What is mitosis?

A

the part of cell division that results in 2 identical daughter cells from a single parent cell

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14
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A 
Interphase
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Cytokinesis
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15
Q

What happens in interphase?

A

does not involve cell division

DNA replicated

New organelles synthesised

cell increases in size (cytoplasm volume increases)

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16
Q

What happens in prophase?

A

DNA supercoils - chromosomes appear

chromatin condenses and becomes sister chromatids (visible under light microscope)

centrioles seperate and spindles form

centrosomes move to opposite poles and spindle fibres form between them

LONGEST PHASE

17
Q

What happens in metaphase?

A

chromosomes line up at cell equator

spindle fibres attach to the centromere of each pair of sister chromatids

SHORTEST PHASE

18
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

continued contraction of microtubule spindle fibres cause separation of sister chromatids

chromatids now referred to as chromosomes

chromosomes move to opposite poles

19
Q

What happens in telophase?

A

microtubule spindle fibres disappear

chromosomes uncoil to chromatin (no longer visible under light microscope)

new nuclear membranes reform around chromosomes

20
Q

What happens in cytokinesis (in general)?

A

cell fully separates into 2 identical daughter cells

21
Q

What happens in cytokinesis for animals?

A

a contractile ring (made of actin filaments) forms inside plasma membrane and pulls the cell equator inwards.
this creates a fissure called: CLEAVAGE FURROW

eventually splits into 2

22
Q

What happens in cytokinesis for plants?

A

in telophase golgi vesicles moved to centre of cell to form phragmoplast (vesicular structure). There they fuse to become cell plate, which will then become cell wall.

eventually splits into 2

23
Q

Why do plant and animal cells have different cytokinesis steps?

A

because the plant cell has a cell wall and the animal cell does not

Biology (15 decks)

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