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Biology > Cell Types > Flashcards

Cell Types Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the story of the first cell?

A 
earth formed 4.5 B years ago
life emerged 3.8 B years ago
No/little O
Lots of CO2 & N2; H2, H2S & CO
add heat & water = organic molecules = LIFE!!
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2
Q

What are the three laws of cell theory?

A
  1. all living things are composed of cells
  2. cells are the smallest units of life
  3. all cells come from pre-existing cells
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3
Q

Why are viruses not considered living?

A

they do not carry out functions of life on their own

however, can reproduce asexually

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4
Q

What classifies an organism as living?

A 
Movement
Reproduction
Sensitivity
Homeostasis
Growth
Respiration
Excretion
Nutrition
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5
Q

What is volume?

A

determines the amount metabolised in cytoplasm of cell

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6
Q

What does metabolism require (3 things)?

A

import of precursors
export of secretions
export of excretory products

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7
Q

What is surface area?

A

determines the exchange of materials between the cell and its environment

bigger cell = bigger need of metabolism

supported by volume

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8
Q

How are surface area and volume affected by growth (e.g. for cube)?

A

The volume will increase significantly with each variation while the surface area changes far less drastically. There fore, the larger the object the smaller the SA:V = diffusion difficulty

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9
Q

Draw and annotate a prokaryotic cell

A

YES, GO GET PAPER AND A PENCIL AND DRAW IT YOU QUEEN!!!

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10
Q

What are the features of a prokaryotic cell?

A 
flagella
pilli
plasma membrane
70S ribosomes
nucleoid region
cell wall
cytoplasm

divided by binary fission

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the flagella/flagellum?

A

movement

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the ribosome?

A

independent shop

protein synthesis for the cell itself

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13
Q

What is the purpose of the pilli?

A

company lawyers

attachment / DNA transfer

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the plasma membrane?

A

controls entry & exit of EVERYTHING

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15
Q

What is the purpose of the nucleiod?

A

headoffice

contains closed-loop DNA

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16
Q

What is the purpose of the cell wall?

A

protective coating

contains everything

17
Q

What is the purpose of the cytoplasm?

A

the office

contains enzymes for metabolism

18
Q

How many microns are prokaryotic cells?

A

~10

19
Q

How many microns are eukaryotic cells?

A

~100

20
Q

Draw and annotate a eukaryote cell

A

YOU CAN DO IT!

I’M SOOO PROUDD!!!

21
Q

What features are in a eukaryote?

A 
plasma membrane
cytoplasm
ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
golgi apparatus
nucleus
mitochondria
lysosomes
22
Q

What is the purpose of the nucleus?

A

storage room

contains all genetic information in chromosomes

23
Q

What is the purpose of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

factory
produce a ton of proteins to be exported
Proteins first sent to golgi apparatus

24
Q

What is the purpose of the golgi apparatus?

A

packaging

packages proteins to be exported

25
Q

What is the purpose of the lysosomes?

A

security

contains digestive enzymes for breaking down nutrient molecules and dead cell parts for recycling

26
Q

What is the purpose of the mitochondria?

A

headquarters

site for respiration / sugar conversion to ATP

27
Q

What are the features of a plant cell?

A 
cell wall
chloroplasts
large vacuole
store carbohydrates as starches 
do not contain centrioles
fixed angular shape
28
Q

What are the features of an animal cell?

A 
no cell wall
no chloroplasts
small vacuole
store carbohydrates as glycogen
contains centrioles
flexible round shape

Biology (15 decks)

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