Mitosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What does mitosis make?

A

2 identical daughter cells for growth differentiation and repair

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2
Q

What are the stages of mitosis?

A

Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

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3
Q

What happened in interphase?

A
  • Organelles are synthesised and the cell grows
  • dna is replicated
  • organelles grow and energy stores increase
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4
Q

What happiness in prophase?

A

Chromosomes condense and become more visible and they appear as chromatids joined July the centromere. Nuclear envelope disintegrates and nucleotides appears

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5
Q

What’s happiness in metaphase?

A

Spindle is formed, chromosomes starch to the spindle by their centromere. And chromosomes line up at the equator of the cell

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6
Q

What happens in anaphase?

A

Centromere spilts, sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell

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7
Q

Hat happiness in telophase?

A

Nuclear envelope reforms, spindle disintegrates and chromosomes become thinner

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8
Q

What is viral replication?

A

Where cells replicate by attaching to their host cell with the attachment proteins on their surface

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9
Q

Why is viral replication needed?

A

Because non living things cannot undergo cell division

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10
Q

How does viral replication work?

A

Cell injects nucleic acid into the host cell. The nucleic acid is combined with the host cells dna and starts producing viral components which are assembled into new proteins

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11
Q

How do prokaryotic cells divide?

A

By binary fission

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12
Q

What happens in binary fission?

A

Circular dna molecule replicated and both copies attach to the cell membrane

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13
Q

How does binary fission work?

A

Plasmids replicate, cell membrane grows between the two dna molecules, the cell punches inwards between the two dna molecules dividing the cytoplasm, and a new cell wall forms between the two dna molecules

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14
Q

What is cancer?

A

Uncontrollable cell division

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15
Q

What happens to cause cancer?

A

Genes that regulate mitosis become damaged

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16
Q

What do cancer dugs usually do?

A

Slow/stop mitosis, stop dna replicating or stop spindles from being made

17
Q

What is the role of spindle in mitosis?

A

To pull chromatids apart or for the centromeres to attach to

18
Q

What do we usually use to examine mitosis?

A

Root tips because this is where mitosis occurs

19
Q

When viewing a root tip under a microscope what must be done?

A

Must press it down and spread it out so it’s thin and light can pass through

20
Q

What should you do when making a mitotic index?

A

Examine lots of cells to have a representative sample size and repeat counting to make sure the figures are correct