Carbohydrates

Question 1

What are monomers?

Answer 1

Individual molecules from which polymers are made

Question 2

What are polymers?

Answer 2

Chains of repeating monomer units

Question 3

What are monosaccharides?

Answer 3

Monomers which have a sweet taste and are soluble substances eg glucose

Question 4

What are disaccharides?

Answer 4

Polymers or two monosaccharides joined eg glucose + glucose= maltose

Question 5

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 5

Many monosaccharides joined together in a condensation reaction which are good for storage eg starch

Question 6

How are monosaccharides joined?

Answer 6

Condensation reaction

Question 7

What bond forms between monosaccharides?

Answer 7

Glycocydic bond

Question 8

How can disaccharides and polysaccharides break to form monosaccharides?

Answer 8

Hydrolysis reaction

Question 9

What is removed in a condensation reaction?

Answer 9

Water

Question 10

What is added when glycosidic bonds are broken?

Answer 10

Water

Question 11

What monosaccharides is maltose made of?

Answer 11

Glucose and glucose

Question 12

What monosaccharides are sucrose made of?

Answer 12

Glucose and fructose

Question 13

What monosaccharides are lactose made of?

Answer 13

Glucose and galactose

Question 14

What are reducing sugars?

Answer 14

All monosaccharides and some disaccharides

Question 15

What do reducing sugars do?

Answer 15

Can donate electrons to other chemicals

Question 16

What are non-reducing sugars?

Answer 16

All polysaccharides and rest of the disaccharides

Question 17

What can’t non-reducing sugars do?

Answer 17

Donate electrons

Question 18

What’s the test for a reducing sugar?

Answer 18

Add benedicts solution and heat

Turns red/orange/yellow/green

Question 19

What’s the test for a non-reducing sugar?

Answer 19

Add Benedicts and heat then add hydraulic acid, add sodium hydrogen carbonate to neutralise hydrochloric acid and then do test for a reducing sugar

Question 20

What’s the test for starch?

Answer 20

Add iodine solution turns blue/black

Question 21

What is starch made of?

Answer 21

Alpha glucose

Question 22

What is the structure of starch?

Answer 22

Branched/coiled alpha helix to makes molecule compact

Question 23

Why is starch insoluble?

Answer 23

To stop osmosis so doesn’t affect water potential

Question 24

Why is starch long?

Answer 24

So can’t cross cell membrane

Question 25

Why is starch a polymer of alpha glucose?

Answer 25

To provide glucose for respiration

Question 26

Why is starch branched?

Answer 26

So glucose is easily released in respiration

Question 27

What is cellulose made of?

Answer 27

Beta glucose Chains

Question 28

What does cellulose do for the cell

Answer 28

Give it strength

Question 29

What is the structure of cellulose?

Answer 29

Long unbranched, several chat ins side by side,

Question 30

What hold cellulose chains together?

Answer 30

Hydrogen bonds

Question 31

What glycosidic bonds form between cellulose?

Answer 31

1,4

Question 32

What is glycogen made from?

Answer 32

Alpha glucose chains

Question 33

Why is glycogen short and branched?

Answer 33

So they can be hydrolysed into monomers easily

Question 34

Why does glycogen have a spiral shape?

Answer 34

Means it’s compact and can fit in small spaces

Question 35

Is glycogen coiled or straight?

Answer 35

Coiled

Question 36

What glycosidic bonds form between glycogen?

Answer 36

1,4 and 1,6

Question 37

How can you use a calibration curve to find sugar concentration?

Answer 37

- Make different known sugar concentrations - use a colorimeter to measure absorbance of each concentration and plot a calibration curve on the graph - fins concentrations of sample from calibration curve