Cells

Question 1

What does the nucleus do?

Answer 1

Stores genetic info

Question 2

What are plasmids?

Answer 2

Small circles of dna

Question 3

What is the nucleus used for?

Answer 3

Site of dna replication, manufactures ribosomal rna and ribosomes

Question 4

What do plasmids do?

Answer 4

Exchange dna between bacterial cells

Question 5

What does the mitochondria do?

Answer 5

Release energy, produce atp

Question 6

What is the mitochondria used for?

Answer 6

Aerobic respiration

Question 7

What is the structure of mitochondria?

Answer 7

Has a double membrane:
Cristae- inner membrane with ribosomes attached
Matrix- has enzymes for respiration

Question 8

What is the cell wall made of?

Answer 8

Murein

Question 9

What does the cell wall do?

Answer 9

Protects the cell against damage

Question 10

What does the cytoplasm do?

Answer 10

Contains enzymes for metabolic reactions

Question 11

What is the capsule?

Answer 11

Thick polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall

Question 12

What does the capsule do?

Answer 12

Protects the cell wall and helps groups of bacteria stick together for protection

Question 13

What are the two types of ribosomes?

Answer 13

8os in eukaryotic cells

7os in prokaryotic cells

Question 14

What do ribosomes do?

Answer 14

Make proteins

Question 15

What is the flagellum?

Answer 15

Tail for movement in bacterial cell

Question 16

What does the flagellum do?

Answer 16

Helps spin cell through fluids

Question 17

What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 17

Surface ribosomes bind for protein synthesis

Question 18

What does the rough er do?

Answer 18

Provides a pathway for transport of materials around the cell

Question 19

What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?

Answer 19

Makes, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates

Question 20

What does the Golgi body do?

Answer 20

Modifies polypeptide chains into mature proteins, stores and ships lipids for secretion within the cell and makes secretory enzymes

Question 21

What does the Golgi body form?

Answer 21

Glycoproteins

Question 22

What does the Golgi body transport to the Golgi vesicles?

Answer 22

Modified proteins and lipids

Question 23

What do lysosomes do?

Answer 23

Break down and recycle materials in the cell

Question 24

What do lysosomes contain?

Answer 24

Protease, lipase and lysozome

Question 25

What do chloroplasts have?

Answer 25

Double plasma membrane

Question 26

What does the grana do?

Answer 26

Contains chlorophyll

Question 27

What is the grana?

Answer 27

Stacks of discs called thylakoids

Question 28

What is the grana?

Answer 28

1st stage of photosynthesis

Question 29

What is the stroma?

Answer 29

Fluid filled matrix where starch grabs are found

Question 30

What stage of photosynthesis is the strana?

Answer 30

2nd

Question 31

What is the cell vacuole?

Answer 31

Fluid-filed sac bound by a single membrane

Question 32

What is a tonoplast?

Answer 32

Contains salts, sugars, water and pigments

Question 33

What does the cell vacuole do?

Answer 33

Temporary food store, pigments may colour petals which attract insects

Question 34

What’s the equation for magnification?

Answer 34

Magnification= image/object

Question 35

What is magnification?

Answer 35

Being able to enlarge something in appearance

Question 36

What is resolution?

Answer 36

The ability to distinguish points close together

Question 37

What are the two types of electron microscopes?

Answer 37

SEM- 3D image

TEM- black and white image

Question 38

What makes electron microscopes better than light ones?

Answer 38

Have a higher resolution because the electron beam has a smaller wavelength and has a higher resolving power

Question 39

What’s a disadvantage of using a light microscope?

Answer 39

Objects have to be very thin so light can pass through

Question 40

What is the cell membrane?

Answer 40

Partially permeable and contains a phospholipid bilayer with extrinsic proteins and intrinsic proteins, cholesterol and glycolipid