Cells Flashcards
What does the nucleus do?
Stores genetic info
What are plasmids?
Small circles of dna
What is the nucleus used for?
Site of dna replication, manufactures ribosomal rna and ribosomes
What do plasmids do?
Exchange dna between bacterial cells
What does the mitochondria do?
Release energy, produce atp
What is the mitochondria used for?
Aerobic respiration
What is the structure of mitochondria?
Has a double membrane:
Cristae- inner membrane with ribosomes attached
Matrix- has enzymes for respiration
What is the cell wall made of?
Murein
What does the cell wall do?
Protects the cell against damage
What does the cytoplasm do?
Contains enzymes for metabolic reactions
What is the capsule?
Thick polysaccharide layer outside of the cell wall
What does the capsule do?
Protects the cell wall and helps groups of bacteria stick together for protection
What are the two types of ribosomes?
8os in eukaryotic cells
7os in prokaryotic cells
What do ribosomes do?
Make proteins
What is the flagellum?
Tail for movement in bacterial cell
What does the flagellum do?
Helps spin cell through fluids
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
Surface ribosomes bind for protein synthesis
What does the rough er do?
Provides a pathway for transport of materials around the cell
What does the smooth endoplasmic reticulum do?
Makes, stores and transports lipids and carbohydrates
What does the Golgi body do?
Modifies polypeptide chains into mature proteins, stores and ships lipids for secretion within the cell and makes secretory enzymes
What does the Golgi body form?
Glycoproteins
What does the Golgi body transport to the Golgi vesicles?
Modified proteins and lipids
What do lysosomes do?
Break down and recycle materials in the cell
What do lysosomes contain?
Protease, lipase and lysozome
What do chloroplasts have?
Double plasma membrane
What does the grana do?
Contains chlorophyll
What is the grana?
Stacks of discs called thylakoids
What is the grana?
1st stage of photosynthesis
What is the stroma?
Fluid filled matrix where starch grabs are found
What stage of photosynthesis is the strana?
2nd
What is the cell vacuole?
Fluid-filed sac bound by a single membrane
What is a tonoplast?
Contains salts, sugars, water and pigments
What does the cell vacuole do?
Temporary food store, pigments may colour petals which attract insects
What’s the equation for magnification?
Magnification= image/object
What is magnification?
Being able to enlarge something in appearance
What is resolution?
The ability to distinguish points close together
What are the two types of electron microscopes?
SEM- 3D image
TEM- black and white image
What makes electron microscopes better than light ones?
Have a higher resolution because the electron beam has a smaller wavelength and has a higher resolving power
What’s a disadvantage of using a light microscope?
Objects have to be very thin so light can pass through
What is the cell membrane?
Partially permeable and contains a phospholipid bilayer with extrinsic proteins and intrinsic proteins, cholesterol and glycolipid
