Dna And Rna Flashcards
What are dna nucleotides?
Basic units that dna is made of
What are dna nucleotides made of?
Nitrogenous base, deoxyribose pentose sugar, and a phosphate
What are the bases that dna is made of?
Adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine
What reaction do nucleotides join by?
Condensation reaction
What bond to nucleotides Join by?
Phopshodiester bond
What are 2 nucleotides called?
Dinucleotide
What are many nucleotides called?
Polynucleotide
Dna is antiparallel what does this mean?
One strand runs 5-3 and one runs 3-5
Are base pairings specific?
Yes
What vase pairs with adenine?
Thymine with 2 hydrogen bonds
What bade pairs with guanine?
Cytosine with 3 hydrogen bonds
How does sugar phosphate backbone help dna structure?
Gives strength
How does coiling Of dna help it’s structure?
Gives compact shape
How does dna being long help the structure?
Allows storage of large amounts of information
What does complementary base pairing allow to happen?
Allows information to be replicated rapidly
How does double helix help the structure of dna?
Makes molecule stable
How do hydrogen bonds help dna structure?
Bases are held together by hydrogen bonds and many hydrogen bonds provide strength
Why is it an advantage that hydrogen bonds break easily?
Allows chains to split for replication
What is triplet code?
Each amino acid is coded for 3 bases. Some amino acids have more than one code but the code doesn’t overlap.
What are non coding sections of dna called?
Introns
How can mutations make non functional proteins?
- Change in dna base
- amino acid sequence is changed
- change in h bonds
- tertiary structure is altered
What can mutations mean for substrate complexes?
No enzyme substrate complexes formed
What does semi conservative replication mean?
Dna strands separate and hydrogen bonds break. New molecules have one old strand and one new strand
What are the stages of dna replication?
- Chains separate and hydrogen bonds are broken
- dna helicase breaks the bonds
- nucleotides line up and complementary bases join to template strand
- dna polymerase joins adjacent nucleotides
What are rna nucleotides made of?
Nitrogenous base, ribose pentose sugar, and a phosphate
What are the bases in rna?
Adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine
What is rna?
Relatively short polynucleotide chain.
How is rna adapted to carry out its function?
Stable and single stranded to allow bonding at the ribosome
