Mitosis Flashcards
1
Q
types of cell division:
A
- mitosis
- meiosis
- binary fission (mostly prokaryotic)
2
Q
binary fission:
A
- prokaryotes double in size, divides into two cells
- two identical daughter cells
- occurs in some eukaryotes that undergo asexual reproduction but mitosis is also involved
3
Q
centromere:
A
- narrow waist of duplicated chromosome
- attached chromatids
4
Q
senescence:
A
- chromosomes end with telomeres
- with each cell division, they get shorter
- until eventually cell no longer continues to replicate
5
Q
cell cycle consists of:
A
- mitotic (M) phase
- interphase
6
Q
mitotic phase:
A
- mitosis and cytokinesis
7
Q
interphase:
A
- cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division
- 90% of cell cycle
8
Q
interphase subphases:
A
- G1 phase (first gap)
- S phase (synthesis)
- G2 phase (second gap)
9
Q
when are chromosomes duplicated:
A
only in S phase
10
Q
G0 phase:
A
quiescence (inactive, quiet)
11
Q
brief overview of cell cycle:
A
interphase:
- G1 growth
- S replication
- G2 growth
mitotic phase:
- chromosome separation
cytokinesis:
- cell separation
12
Q
mitosis phases:
A
- prophase
- prometaphase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
13
Q
interphase:
A
- nuclease membrane exists
- 1+ nucleoli
- centrosome duplicated (each have 2 centrioles)
- chromosome duplicated (not condensed yet)
14
Q
prophase:
A
- chromosomes condense
- nucleoli disappear
- sister chromatids (X shaped)
- mitotic spindles forming
- centrosomes move away from each other
15
Q
prometaphase:
A
- nuclear membrane breaks up
- each sis chromatid has kinetochore
- microtubules attach to kinetochores
- other microtubules interact to lengthen cell
