Mitosis Flashcards
1
Q
types of cell division:
A
- mitosis
- meiosis
- binary fission (mostly prokaryotic)
2
Q
binary fission:
A
- prokaryotes double in size, divides into two cells
- two identical daughter cells
- occurs in some eukaryotes that undergo asexual reproduction but mitosis is also involved
3
Q
centromere:
A
- narrow waist of duplicated chromosome
- attached chromatids
4
Q
senescence:
A
- chromosomes end with telomeres
- with each cell division, they get shorter
- until eventually cell no longer continues to replicate
5
Q
cell cycle consists of:
A
- mitotic (M) phase
- interphase
6
Q
mitotic phase:
A
- mitosis and cytokinesis
7
Q
interphase:
A
- cell growth and copying of chromosomes in preparation for cell division
- 90% of cell cycle
8
Q
interphase subphases:
A
- G1 phase (first gap)
- S phase (synthesis)
- G2 phase (second gap)
9
Q
when are chromosomes duplicated:
A
only in S phase
10
Q
G0 phase:
A
quiescence (inactive, quiet)
11
Q
brief overview of cell cycle:
A
interphase:
- G1 growth
- S replication
- G2 growth
mitotic phase:
- chromosome separation
cytokinesis:
- cell separation
12
Q
mitosis phases:
A
- prophase
- prometaphase
- metaphase
- anaphase
- telophase
13
Q
interphase:
A
- nuclease membrane exists
- 1+ nucleoli
- centrosome duplicated (each have 2 centrioles)
- chromosome duplicated (not condensed yet)
14
Q
prophase:
A
- chromosomes condense
- nucleoli disappear
- sister chromatids (X shaped)
- mitotic spindles forming
- centrosomes move away from each other
15
Q
prometaphase:
A
- nuclear membrane breaks up
- each sis chromatid has kinetochore
- microtubules attach to kinetochores
- other microtubules interact to lengthen cell
16
Q
metaphase:
A
- centrosomes at opposite poles of cell
- chromosomes line up at metaphase plate
- kinetochores on sis chromatids attach to microtubules on opp sides
17
Q
anaphase:
A
- sis chromatids break apart
- chromosomes begin moving to opp poles
- cell elongates
18
Q
telophase:
A
- two daughter nuclei form
- nuclear membrane forms
- nucleoli appear
- chromosomes decondense
- spindle microtubules break down
19
Q
kinetochore microtubules:
A
- during anaphase microtubules shorten at KINETOCHORE END (not spindle end)
- motor proteins walk down microtubule
20
Q
microtubules:
A
- filamentous structures within cells
- aid movement, organisation of cellular structure, intracellular transport, cilia, flagella and cell division
- made of proteins tubulins (a and b)
21
Q
define cytokinesis:
A
- actual cell division
- cytoplasm divides during telophase
22
Q
cytokinesis animal cell:
A
animal cells: cleavage (cleavage furrow)
- microfilaments (actin) pinch cell into two
23
Q
cytokinesis plant cell:
A
- cell plate forms
- from vesicles (og from Golgi)
- new cell wall from cell plate
