Mitosis Flashcards
Define chromatids
2 identical strands of DNA that make up a chromosome
Define centromere
The structure that holds chromatids together as chromosomes
Define daughter cells
Two genetically identical new cells that result from cell division
Define chromosome
Cell’s DNA that is visible
Cell Division (3 stages)
- Interphase
- Mitosis (PMAT)
- Cytokines
Occurs to: grow, replace dead/worn out cells
Interphase (first) (3)
Carries out all life activities except division (growth, cellular respiration)
DNA is in long invisible strands (chromatin)
When it prepares for division the strands are duplicated
Prophase (P) (2)
DNA becomes visible as chromosomes (sister chromatids)
Nuclear membrane breaks down
Metaphase (M) (1)
Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell
Anaphase (A) (3)
Centromere splits
Sister chromatids separate, now known as daughter chromosomes
Daughter chromosomes move to opposite sides of the cell
Telophase (T) (3)
Daughter chromosomes are no longer visible
A new nuclear membrane forms around the daughter cells
Cell appears to have two nuclei
Cytokinesis (final) (3)
Cytoplasm divides to produce genetically identical daughter cells
In plants, a plate (cell plate) develops between the daughter cells creating a wall
In animals, the cell is pinched apart at the centre
Explain cancer (2)
Cancer is mitosis out of control; cells divide and cannot stop.
They create a large mass called a tumour, which crowd out healthy cells and robs them of nutrients/oxygen.
Define benign tumour
When the tumour is not overly harmful and is not spreading
Define malignant tumour
When the tumor is harmful and spreading by a process called metastasis
