mitosis Flashcards
what is mitosis
process of cell division in somatic cells
what does the nucleus hold
DNA
G1- growth phase 1
The cell is doing its usual work to stay alive, growing, using energy
S- Synthesis
DNA replication
G2 = growth phase 2
cell grows and prepares for mitosis, double checks for errors
somatic cell
Body cell that has all 46 pairs of chromosomes
Diploid cell
Cell containing two sets of chromosome (2n), a set from each parent
Haploid cell
cell containing one set of chromosome, divide by meiosis
Exception of haploid cells dividing in mitosis
-bees because they come from unfertilized eggs
-Gametophytes
Gametophytes
stage in a plant’s life that makes sperm and eggs.
Chromatin
thin un-condensed strands where DNA is found
Chromosome
Chromatin is condensed into chromosomes, humans have 46 chromosomes
Chromatid
identical half of a chromosme
-sister chromatids have same alleles
centromere
holds together 2 sister chromosomes and 2 homologous chromosomes
Gamete
sex cell
Sperm cell in males
Egg cell in female
half the number of chromosomes (23)
Homologous chromosome
Carry some genes but have different Alleles
Spindle fibre
Structure made of protein fibres that help separate chromosomes
Zygote
cell that is formed when sperm and egg cell combine during fertilization. Is diploid
Histone
Protein that DNA gets tightly wrapped around
Gene
chunks of DNA found within a chromosome
DNA
codes with amino acid, join tg to make a protein that determines the traits you have
Alleles
Alleles are different versions of a gene, ex. eye color, hair etc.
karyotype
When chromosomes are organized based on their length, get paired together which can help identify diseases
gametogensis
sex cells through meiosis
