Genetic Engineering Flashcards
what is genetic engineering
take a desired trait from one organism and implant it into the genome of another organism
Recombinant DNA
creating a molecule of recombinant DNA. recombinant:
Within own species or
From another species (transgenic)
what is the Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
to make copies of a specific dna sequence
gel electrophoresis
used to separate DNA in order to compare them,Smaller molecules move faster, larger ones move slower.
what is a mutation
changes in the sequence of dna
silent mutation
When the codon changes to something else with the same amino acid
missense mutation
Affects protein: can affect the function of protein, works less affective or not at all
non-sense mutation
Stops protein
point mutation
Small changes in DNA that only affect one base pair
insertion mutation
nucleotides being added
nucleotides being removed
deletion mutation
nucleotides being removed
frameshift mutation
Insertion or deletion of DNA bases that changes the way the genetic code is read, leading to incorrect proteins.
translocation mutation
transfer of a large piece of DNA and putting it in a different spot in the genome.
inversion mutation
section of chromosome when inverts itself (usually not harmful)
causes of mutations
-Spontaneous mutations – mistakes made by DNA Polymerase III or I
-induced Mutations – caused by mutagens
Ex – UV light, X-rays, other radiation chemicals
