Inheritance Flashcards
Gene
Segments Of a chromosome that code for a protein
Allele
Different forms of the same gene ex. one allele from your mom and one from your dad
Heredity
traits being passed on from gen to gen
Gregor mendel
1800’s, Mendel studied how traits were passed on from generation to generation using pea plants;
Homozygous (Purebred)
Both alleles are the same (e.g., TT or tt for tall or short plants).
Heterozygous (Hybrid)
The alleles are different (e.g., Tt).
Genotype
The alleles an organism has (e.g., Tt).
Phenotype
The trait you see (e.g., tall plant).
Law of Dominance:
In heterozygous plants (Tt), the dominant trait is T
Law of Segregation:
parent gives one allele during meiosis
Law of Independent Assortment
Genes are passed on independently of each other
Phenotypic ratio
Ratio of visible traits in offspring (e.g., 3 purple to 1 white).
Genotypic ratio
Ratio of genetic combinations in offspring (e.g., 1 GG: 2 Gg: 1 gg).
Test Cross
Test to figure out offspring
A recessive trait needs two recessive alleles (tt).
A dominant trait shows with either TT or Tt.
Why dominance happens:
Dominant alleles make active proteins that work, while recessive alleles make non-working proteins.
