mitosis Flashcards
An organism’s DNA, containing arrays of genes, is organized
into structures called ___
chromosomes
___ serve as vehicles for transmitting genetic information
Chromosomes
what re the two major processes involved in the genetic
continuity of nucleated cells:
mitosis and meiosis
__ leads to production of two cells with the same number
of chromosomes as the parent cell
Mitosis
___ REDUCES the genetic content and the number of
chromosomes by HALF
Meiosis
In meiosis, This reduction in the number of chromosomes is important in
the production of ___
sex cells or gametes
Chromosomes are visible only
during ___
mitosis and meiosis
When the cell is not
undergoing division, the
genetic material making up
chromosomes unfolds and
uncoils into diffuse network
within the nucleus, generally
referred to as ___
chromatin
The chromosomes contains a constricted region called the
___, whose location establishes the general
appearance of each chromosome
centromere
Chromosomes can be classified as ____ based on centromere location
metacentric
submetacentric
acrocentric
telocentric
the short arm is called__
and the longer arm is called __
p arm - short
q arm - long
if the centromere is at the middle, it is called as
metacentric
if the centromere is between the middle and end - near the end
submetacentric
if the centromere is close at the end, it is called
acrocentric
if the centromere is at the end, it is called
telocentric
All somatic cells derived from members of the same
species contain an identical number of chromosomes.
true or false
true
chromosomes exist in
pairs is called
homologous chromosomes
Note that each chromosomes in the karyotype is
clearly a double structure consisting of two parallel
___ connected by a common
centromere
sister chromatids
The genetic information contained in a haploid set of
chromosomes constitute the ___ of the species.
genome
Homologous chromosomes have genetic similarities
* They contain IDENTICAL GENE sites along their lengths. Each site is
called a ___
locus
, homologous chromosomes are IDENTICAL IN THE TRAITS that
they influence and in their genetic potential.
true or false
true
a process wherein the genetic material is partitioned into daughter cells during
nuclear division
karyokinesis
a process associated to cytoplasmic division is called
cytokinesis
It partitions the cell volume inti two parts and then encloses
each new cell in a distinct plasma membrane
cytokinesis
The ___ is a series of events that
describe the sequence of activities a cell
prepares for division and then divides
cell cycle
stages of the cell cycle
interphase
- g1
- s phase
- g2
Mitosis
- prophase
-prometaphase
-metaphase
-anaphase
-telophase
The __ is note devoted solely to cell’s growth and
normal function. It is also when the cell replicates the DNA on
each chromosome
interphase
DNA synthesis occurs before the cell enters mitosis. This
period is called the ___
S phase
During G1, S phase, and G2, __,, ___, and ____ are evident.
intensive metabolic activity, cell
growth and cell differentiation
At a point during G1, all cell follow one of two paths
what are those?
G0
or proceed with the process
G0 means withdrawing from the cycle, become quiescent (dormant)
There are two periods during interphase in which there is NO
synthesis of DNA.
G1 and G2, before and after S phase
Under the prophase, The chromosomes appear as a
double structure split longitudinally
except at a single point of
constriction, the ___
centromere
By the end of ___, DNA has been replicated and the cell
volume has doubled.
G2
are chromosomes visible during the interphase?
no
Instead, the nucleus is filled with chromatin fibers formed from
the uncoiling and dispersal of the chromosomes after the
previous mitosis
The nuclear envelope break down and
disappear, and the nucleolus disintegrates
prophase
Cells that enter the G0 remain viable and metabolically active
but are ___
not proliferative
After centriole migration, the centrosomes,
are responsible for organizing cytoplasmic
microtubules into spindle fibers that run
between the poles
prophase
The two parts of each chromosome
are called ___
because the DNA contained in
each of them is genetically identical
sister chromatids
The diffuse chromatin fibers condenses,
and the chromosomes become visible
prophase
a stage where The centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell
OPPOSITE ENDS - MEANS THEY ARE PULLED - P-
Prophase
the middle portion of the cell where the metaphase primarily occurs
metaphase plate
The chromosomes migrate to the
equatorial plane (also called the
metaphase plate)
metaphase
The sister chromatids are held
together by protein complexes
called ___
cohesin
the ___ is the midline
region of the cell, a plane that lies
perpendicular to the axis
established by the spindle fibers
metaphase plate
Even though one cannot see the chromatids in
the interphase because the chromatin is uncoiled and
dispersed in the nucleus, the chromosomes are already
double structures, which becomes apparent in ___.
late prophase
Migration is made possible by the
binding of spindle fibers to the
chromosome’s ___, an
assemble of multilayered plates of
proteins associated with the
centromere.
kinetochore
refers to the period
of chromosome movement
Prometaphase
Is the chromosome
configuration following migration
Metaphase
The shortest stage of mitosis, the ___, whose events are
critical to the chromosome distribution during mitosis
anaphase
During this phase, the sister chromatids of each chromosome,
separate from one another
and pulled to opposite ends of the cell
Anaphase
the sister chromatids of each chromosome,
separate from one another (an event described as ___),
and pulled to opposite ends of the cell.
disjunction
As the anaphase proceed, each migrating chromatid is now
referred to as a
daughter chromosome
The steps that occur during anaphase are critical in providing
each subsequent daughter cell with an identical set of
chromosomes
tru or false
tru
