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CYTOLOGY > mitosis > Flashcards

mitosis Flashcards

1
Q

An organism’s DNA, containing arrays of genes, is organized
into structures called ___

A

chromosomes

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2
Q

___ serve as vehicles for transmitting genetic information

A

Chromosomes

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3
Q

what re the two major processes involved in the genetic
continuity of nucleated cells:

A

mitosis and meiosis

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4
Q

__ leads to production of two cells with the same number
of chromosomes as the parent cell

A

Mitosis

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5
Q

___ REDUCES the genetic content and the number of
chromosomes by HALF

A

Meiosis

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6
Q

In meiosis, This reduction in the number of chromosomes is important in
the production of ___

A

sex cells or gametes

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7
Q

Chromosomes are visible only
during ___

A

mitosis and meiosis

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8
Q

When the cell is not
undergoing division, the
genetic material making up
chromosomes unfolds and
uncoils into diffuse network
within the nucleus, generally
referred to as ___

A

chromatin

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9
Q

The chromosomes contains a constricted region called the
___, whose location establishes the general
appearance of each chromosome

A

centromere

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10
Q

Chromosomes can be classified as ____ based on centromere location

A

metacentric
submetacentric
acrocentric
telocentric

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11
Q

the short arm is called__
and the longer arm is called __

A

p arm - short
q arm - long

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12
Q

if the centromere is at the middle, it is called as

A

metacentric

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13
Q

if the centromere is between the middle and end - near the end

A

submetacentric

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14
Q

if the centromere is close at the end, it is called

A

acrocentric

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15
Q

if the centromere is at the end, it is called

A

telocentric

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16
Q

All somatic cells derived from members of the same
species contain an identical number of chromosomes.

true or false

A

true

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17
Q

chromosomes exist in
pairs is called

A

homologous chromosomes

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18
Q

Note that each chromosomes in the karyotype is
clearly a double structure consisting of two parallel
___ connected by a common
centromere

A

sister chromatids

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19
Q

The genetic information contained in a haploid set of
chromosomes constitute the ___ of the species.

A

genome

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20
Q

Homologous chromosomes have genetic similarities
* They contain IDENTICAL GENE sites along their lengths. Each site is
called a ___

A

locus

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21
Q

, homologous chromosomes are IDENTICAL IN THE TRAITS that
they influence and in their genetic potential.
true or false

A

true

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22
Q

a process wherein the genetic material is partitioned into daughter cells during
nuclear division

A

karyokinesis

23
Q

a process associated to cytoplasmic division is called

A

cytokinesis

24
Q

It partitions the cell volume inti two parts and then encloses
each new cell in a distinct plasma membrane

A

cytokinesis

25
Q

The ___ is a series of events that
describe the sequence of activities a cell
prepares for division and then divides

A

cell cycle

26
Q

stages of the cell cycle

A

interphase
- g1
- s phase
- g2

Mitosis
- prophase
-prometaphase
-metaphase
-anaphase
-telophase

27
Q

The __ is note devoted solely to cell’s growth and
normal function. It is also when the cell replicates the DNA on
each chromosome

A

interphase

28
Q

DNA synthesis occurs before the cell enters mitosis. This
period is called the ___

A

S phase

29
Q

During G1, S phase, and G2, __,, ___, and ____ are evident.

A

intensive metabolic activity, cell
growth and cell differentiation

29
Q

At a point during G1, all cell follow one of two paths

what are those?

A

G0
or proceed with the process

G0 means withdrawing from the cycle, become quiescent (dormant)

29
Q

There are two periods during interphase in which there is NO
synthesis of DNA.

A

G1 and G2, before and after S phase

29
Q

Under the prophase, The chromosomes appear as a
double structure split longitudinally
except at a single point of
constriction, the ___

A

centromere

29
Q

By the end of ___, DNA has been replicated and the cell
volume has doubled.

A

G2

29
Q

are chromosomes visible during the interphase?

A

no

Instead, the nucleus is filled with chromatin fibers formed from
the uncoiling and dispersal of the chromosomes after the
previous mitosis

29
Q

The nuclear envelope break down and
disappear, and the nucleolus disintegrates

A

prophase

29
Q

Cells that enter the G0 remain viable and metabolically active
but are ___

A

not proliferative

29
Q

After centriole migration, the centrosomes,
are responsible for organizing cytoplasmic
microtubules into spindle fibers that run
between the poles

A

prophase

29
Q

The two parts of each chromosome
are called ___
because the DNA contained in
each of them is genetically identical

A

sister chromatids

30
Q

The diffuse chromatin fibers condenses,
and the chromosomes become visible

A

prophase

30
Q

a stage where The centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell

OPPOSITE ENDS - MEANS THEY ARE PULLED - P-

A

Prophase

30
Q

the middle portion of the cell where the metaphase primarily occurs

A

metaphase plate

30
Q

The chromosomes migrate to the
equatorial plane (also called the
metaphase plate)

A

metaphase

30
Q

The sister chromatids are held
together by protein complexes
called ___

A

cohesin

30
Q

the ___ is the midline
region of the cell, a plane that lies
perpendicular to the axis
established by the spindle fibers

A

metaphase plate

30
Q

Even though one cannot see the chromatids in
the interphase because the chromatin is uncoiled and
dispersed in the nucleus, the chromosomes are already
double structures, which becomes apparent in ___.

A

late prophase

30
Q

Migration is made possible by the
binding of spindle fibers to the
chromosome’s ___, an
assemble of multilayered plates of
proteins associated with the
centromere.

A

kinetochore

30
Q

refers to the period
of chromosome movement

A

Prometaphase

30
Q

Is the chromosome
configuration following migration

A

Metaphase

31
Q

The shortest stage of mitosis, the ___, whose events are
critical to the chromosome distribution during mitosis

A

anaphase

32
Q

During this phase, the sister chromatids of each chromosome,
separate from one another
and pulled to opposite ends of the cell

A

Anaphase

33
Q

the sister chromatids of each chromosome,
separate from one another (an event described as ___),
and pulled to opposite ends of the cell.

A

disjunction

34
Q

As the anaphase proceed, each migrating chromatid is now
referred to as a

A

daughter chromosome

35
Q

The steps that occur during anaphase are critical in providing
each subsequent daughter cell with an identical set of
chromosomes

tru or false

A

tru

36
Q
A

CYTOLOGY (10 decks)

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