CELLS AND ITS ORGANELLES Flashcards
__ are highly varied and highly organized structures
Cells
Their forms and functions are DEPENDENT on the genetic
EXPRESSION by each cell type
TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
Bone, blood, nerve and muscle cells are ___
somatic cells
Bone, blood, nerve and muscle cells are somatic cell, also calledas
body cells
Somatic cells have TWO copies of the genome and are
said to be __
diploid
Sperm and egg cells have only ONE copy of the genome
and are said to be
haploid
___ lack nucleus as
opposed to the nucleated
cells of the eukaryotes
prokaryotes
Cells are composed of macromolecules important in
biological processes. The major groups of these substances
are:
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
macromolecules that will provide energy
carbohydrates
___ form MEMBRANES and HORMONES, provide INSULATION and
STORE energy
Lipids
___ have many diverse functions in the body, and are
important in blood clotting, nerve transmission, muscle
contraction, and immunity, while others serve and catalysts
Proteins
a macromolecule that is the most important in genetics
nucleic acid - dna and rna
All cells are surrounded by a ___, a
covering that defines cell boundary
plasma membrane
The ___ actively controls the movement of
materials in and out of the cell
plasma membrane
The ___ provides biochemical identity at the surface of cells and the components of the coat that
establish cellular identity are under genetic control
glycocalyx
The ___ is a membrane bound structure that houses
the DNA, which is complex with protein into thin fibers
nucleus
During the nondivisional phases of the cell cycle, the fibers
are uncoiled and dispersed into ___
chromatin
During mitosis and meiosis, chromatin fibers coil and
condense into ___
chromosomes
The __, present inside the nucleus, is where
ribosomal RNA is synthesized
nucleolus
In prokaryotes, the genetic material
is compacted into an unenclosed
region called the ___
nucleoid
The DNA in prokaryotes is not
associated with proteins as is the
case with eukaryote
true or false
true, it is NOT ASOCIATED
The remainder of the cell within the plasma membrane,
excluding the nucleus, is called as the ____ and
includes a variety of organelles
cytoplasm
it serves as site for synthesis of fatty acids and
phospholipids,
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
appearing as rough as it is studded with ribosomes
rough endoplasmic reticulum
are sites of protein synthesis, guided by the information contained in the mRNA
ribosomes
provide energy by breaking down nutrients
from food. The energy liberated from food is captured and
stored in the bonds present in a molecule called adenosine
triphosphate (ATP)
mitochondria
The ___ are a pair of complex structure that are located
in a specialized region called the centrosome.
centrioles
These are associated with the organization of spindle fibers
that function in mitosis and meiosis
centrioles
The organization of ___ by the centrioles plays an
important role in the movement of chromosomes during cell
division
spindle fibers
The ___ is a meshwork of protein rods and
tubules that molds the distinctive structures of a cell,
positioning organelles and providing three-dimensional
shape.
cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton includes three major types of elements—
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
the 3 major component of cytoskeleton is distinguished by
protein type,
diameter,
how they aggregate into larger structures
a componnet of cytoskeleton that is long and hollow
microtubules
a component of cytoskeleton that provide many cellular movements
microtubules
microtubules is composed of a pair of protein called
tubulin
distinct feature of microtubules is they formed ___ a hair like structure
cilia
a component of cytoskeleton that is long, thin rods composed of many molecules of
the protein ACTIN
microfilaments
Solid and narrower than microtubules, they enable cells to
WITHSTAND STRETCHING AND COMPRESSION
microfilaments
a cytoskeleton that helps anchor one cell to another
microfilaments
They have diameters intermediate between those of
microtubules and microfilaments
intermediate filaments
a cytoskeleton that are abundant in skin and nerve cells
intermediate filaments
In actively dividing skin cells, it forms a strong inner
framework that firmly attaches cells to each other and to
the underlying tissue
intermediate filaments
