Mitochondria Flashcards
The central space of mitochondria is known as ______.
matrix
_____ works by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation and inhibiting ATP production.
Arsenic
What does TIM stand for?
translocase of inner membrane
Name the 2 fission GTPases.
Fis1 and Drp
In the absence of a proton gradient, ATP synthase is converted into _____.
ATPase
ATP synthase consists from two main parts, ____ and ____.
F1; F0
Cell damage induces ______ of the outer mitochondria membrane.
Bak/Bax-dependent permeabilization
The initial stages of glucose degradation occur in the _____.
cytosol
F1 protein complex is bound to ____ and is an _____.
F0; enzyme that makes ATP
The ______ of the inner membrane is greatly increased by a large number of infoldings known as cristae.
surface area
Name 4 cellular GTPases the mitochondria uses.
Mfn and OPA1 (fusion), Fis1 and Drp (fission)
____ uses the energy of proton movement through the channel to generate ____.
F0; ATP
Fusion plays a key role in ______.
repairing damaged mitochondria.
What does TOM stand for?
translocase of outer membrane
What gene is mutated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2A?
Mfn2
Fission is required for ______.
mitophagy
Mitochondria can occupy up to ____ of cell volume.
25%
Transport through ____ is passive, while transport through ____ is ATP-dependent.
TOM; TIM
Several mitochondrial proteases, such as mAAA, iAAA, and Lon, are responsible for _______.
recognizing and degrading misfolded proteins
Mutations in mitochondria fusion machinery causes _____ and _______.
autosomal dominant optic atrophy; Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2A
A mutation in _____ causes hereditary spastic paraplegia.
mAAA protease
In the absence of a ______, ATP synthase is converted into ATPase.
proton gradient
The surface area of the inner membrane is greatly increased by a large number of infoldings known as _____.
cristae
Damaged mitochondria generate excessive amounts of _______.
reactive oxygen species (ROS)
Several ______, such as mAAA, iAAA, and Lon, are responsible for recognizing and degrading misfolded proteins.
mitochondrial proteases
What is mitophagy?
fusion with a healthy mitochondria
F0 uses the energy of ______ through the channel to generate ATP.
proton movement
Name the 2 fusion GTPases.
Mfn and OPA1
______ is required for mitophagy.
Fission
The energy released from NADH is stored both as ______ and a ______.
an electric potential; proton concentration gradient
An ______ activates caspases.
apoptosome
_______ plays a key role in repairing damaged mitochondria.
Fusion
Mfn and OPA1 (fusion), as well as Fis1 and Drp (fission), are all ________.
cellular GTPases
An apoptosome activates ______.
caspases
Mutations in ______ causes autosomal dominant optic atrophy and Charcot-Marie-Tooth neuropathy type 2A.
mitochondria fusion machinery
Several mitochondrial proteases, such as ____, ____, and ____, are responsible for recognizing and degrading misfolded proteins.
mAAA, iAAA, and Lon
The terminal stages of glucose degradation that involves oxygen occurs in the ________ and is called oxidative phosphorylation.
mitochondria
The majority of mitochondrial proteins are encoded in the _____.
nucleus
______ consists from two main parts, F1 and F0.
ATP synthase
The _______ in the animal cells are fatty acids and glucose.
principal sources of ATP
Transport through TOM is ______, while transport through TIM is _______.
passive; ATP-dependent
During respiration in the mitochondria, _____ are released from NADH and transferred to ___ to form H2O.
electrons; O2
______ binds to several cytpolasmic proteins forming a protein complex known as the apoptosome.
Cytochrome c
What does ROS stand for?
reactive oxygen species
Arsenic works by inhibiting ______ and ______.
oxidative phosphorylation; ATP production
The principal sources of ATP in the animal cells are ____ and _____.
fatty acids; glucose
The _____ of mitochondria is known as matrix.
central space
What does Bak/Bax-dependent permeabilization lead to?
cytochrome c release
Cytochrome c binds to several ______ forming a protein complex known as the _______.
cytpolasmic proteins; apoptosome
The ______ is stored both as an electric potential and a proton concentration gradient.
energy released from NADH
A mutation in mAAA protease causes ______.
hereditary spastic paraplegia
Fussion and fission are both dependent on ______.
cellular GTPases
Ischemic injury results in MPTP-dependent permeabilization of ______.
inner and outer mitochondria membranes
______ results in MPTP-dependent permeabilization of inner and outer mitochondria membranes.
Ischemic injury
_____ spans the inner mitochondria membrane and forms a proton channel.
F0 protein complex
What gene is mutated in autosomal dominant optic atrophy?
OPA1
_______ generate excessive amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS).
Damaged mitochondria
ATP is transported out of mitochondria via the _____.
ATP-ADP antiporter
The terminal stages of glucose degradation that involves oxygen occurs in the mitochondria and is called ______.
oxidative phosphorylation
Ischemic injury results in ______ of inner and outer mitochondria membranes.
MPTP-dependent permeabilization
______ is bound to F0 and is an actual enzyme that makes ATP.
F1 protein complex
F0 protein complex spans_____ and forms _____.
the inner mitochondria membrane; a proton channel
Where does electron transfer occur?
in the inner mitochondrial membrane
During respiration in the mitochondria, electrons are released from _____ and transferred to O2 to form ____.
NADH; H2O
