Mistakes and Mysteries

Question 1

Brainstorming

Answer 1

Making a list of ideas about a topic

Then use it to come up with a topic sentence & ideas to support

Living with a tight budget:
Do (Compare prices, look for sales, check ads for used items)
Don’t (Buy the first thing you see, buy brand names, use credit cards)

Question 2

aggravate a problem

Answer 2

To make a problem worse

Don’t aggravate a problem by worrying too much about it

Question 3

avoid a problem

Answer 3

If you avoid something unpleasant that might happen, you take action in order to prevent it from happening.

Switch to liquid detergent to avoid the problem

Question 4

cause a problem

Answer 4

The cause of an event, usually a bad event, is the thing that makes it happen.

They found a way of targeting the defective genes causing the problem in tests on mice.

Question 5

deal with

Answer 5

When you deal with a problem, you give your attention to it, and often solve a problem or make a decision concerning it.

If you deal with an unpleasant emotion or an emotionally difficult situation, you recognize it, and remain calm and in control of yourself in spite of it.

Question 6

identify the problem

Answer 6

you are able to recognize a problem or distinguish it.

You’ll need to identify the problem and put it right if you want to move on.

Question 7

ignore a problem

Answer 7

to pay no attention to a problem

She ignored legal advice to drop the case.

Question 8

run into a problem

Answer 8

you unexpectedly begin to experience them.

run into: chocar o toparse con

They agreed to sell last year after they ran into financial problems.

Question 9

solve a problem

Answer 9

Find a solution

A diverse workforce might also be more creative and better at solving problems.

Question 10

verbs of belief for not certain

Answer 10

assume, doubt, guess, have a hunch, suppose, suspect, figure, bet

Question 11

verbs of belief for certain

Answer 11

be positive, be certain, be sure, know for a fact

Question 12

Phrasal modal verbs of necessity or obligation

strong obligation

Answer 12

to show that there was no choice about doing the action

Have to

My parents had to go to school on Saturdays

Question 13

Phrasal modal verbs of necessity or obligation

Necessity

Answer 13

There is a choice about doing or not doing the action. The action was considered to be necessary or unnecessary.

need to / not need to

I needed to make an appointent with the counselor
I didn’t need to buy the textbook, but I thought it looked interesting

Question 14

Phrasal modal verbs of necessity or obligation

No obligation

Answer 14

There is a complete choce about doing the action

didn’t have to

I didn’t have to take piano classes, but I wanted to.

Question 15

Phrasal modal verbs of necessity or obligation

Expectation

Answer 15

There was a general expectation that an action was required or prohibited

be supposed to

She was supposed to talk to her professor after class (But she probably didn’t)
He wasn’t supposed to drive the car to school (But he probably did)

Question 16

Phrasal modal verbs of necessity or obligation

Advisability

Answer 16

There was a good idea or a correct action in a particular situation, but it was or not was done

should / shouldn’t have

He should have taken better notes in class (But he didn’t)
She shouldn’t have bought such an expensive jacket (But she did)

Question 17

Phrasal modal verbs of necessity or obligation

Advisability

Answer 17

There was a good idea or a correct action in a particular situation, but it was or not was done

should / shouldn’t have

He should have taken better notes in class (But he didn’t)
She shouldn’t have bought such an expensive jacket (But she did)

Question 18

Modals with mutiple uses

To express degrees of certainty

very certain

Answer 18

Must (not) have

90%

I’m certain Banksy must have wanted to win that Oscar

Question 19

Modals with mutiple uses

To express degrees of certainty

uncertain

Answer 19

could (not) have, may (not) have, might (not) have

50%

People thought he could have been trying to get publicity for the movie
That website hoax might have been planned by Banksy himself

Question 20

Modals with mutiple uses

To give opinions or advice

Present and future

Answer 20

must (not), have to, have got to, had better (not), should (not)

have got to: Tener que/ had better (best): Sería mejor que, más vale que

I’m not happy with the situation, but I’ve just got to accept it.
Parents have got to monitor the shows their children watch.
You’d better go now, it’s late.
The kids had better not spend so much time indoors playing computer games.

Question 21

Modals with mutiple uses

To give opinions or advice

Past

Answer 21

should (not) have

I should have listened to the advice my parents gave me about having a healthy lifestyle
We should not have ignored the scientists’ warnings about global warmimng