Friends and Family

Question 1

denies, denied, denying

Deny

di NAI

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 1

to say that something is not true

He denied having any connection with the terrorists

Gerund
Rechazar/ negar/ deny yourself (sacrificarse/privarse)/ deny [sb] access (negar la entrada a)

Question 2

discusses, discussing, discussed

Discuss

disKOS

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 2

to consider or examine by argument, debate.

He discussed giving the best arguments

Gerund
Hablar de, charlar sobre / discuss [sth] with [sb] / discuss [sth] further (discutir más extensamente de algo)

Question 3

finishes, finished, finishing

Finish

FIN ish

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 3

To bring or come to an end or to completion

Tania finished cooking dinner and served it up

Gerund
Finish line (Meta)/ finish with [sb] (end relationship)/from start to finish (de principio a fin)/ never finish (continue indefinitely)/ romp to the finish (ganar con facilidad)/ surface finish (acabado)

Question 4

mention, mentions, mentioned, mentioning

Mention

MEN shon

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 4

To refer briefly to

He mentioned going to the theatre tonight

Gerund
Don’t mention it (you’re welcome)/ honorable- honourable(uk) mention (menciòn honorífica)/ make mention of (allude to, mencionar algo)/ not to mention (as well as, por no hablar de, así como también)

Question 5

practices, practiced, practicing

Practice

PRAK tis

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 5

To perform or do something as a habit or usually

Our team practices blocking on Tuesdays and plays games on Thursdays

Gerund
make a practice of doing [sth] (be in the habit of, acostumbrar a)/ put [sth] in practice (poner algo en práctica)

Question 6

quits, quitted, quitting or quit

Quit

KWit

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 6

To stop, cease, or discontinue

James is trying to quit biting his nails

Gerund or Infinitive
quit doing [sth] (stop doing, dejar o parar de)/ don’t quit your day job (suggesting [sb] is bad at [sth])/ quit smoking (dejar de fumar)

Question 7

resists, resisted, resisting

Resist

RI zist

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 7

To withstand, fight, or work against.

They couldn’t resist peeking under the curtain

Gerund
resist [sth] (resistirse a, abstenerse de, oponerse)/ resist doing [sth] (resistirse)

Question 8

suggests, suggested, suggesting

Suggest

so YEST

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 8

To mention, introduce, or propose for consideration

She suggested travelling together for safety

Gerund
suggest that [sb] do [sth] (sugerir que)/ suggest that [sth] (insinuar, impicar, sugerir, aconsejar)/mean to suggest (querer decir que)

Question 9

arranges, arranged, arranging

Arrange

o REIN sh

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 9

To place in proper, desired, or convenient order

I haven’t seen you in a very long time we should arrange to do something

Infinitive
arrange to do [sth] (schedule, arreglar u organizar para)/ arrange for [sb] to do [sth] (organizar para que alguien haga algo)/ arrange [sth] (agree - alcanzar un acuerdo mercantil, music - adaptar, marriage - arreglar)

Question 10

claims, claimed, claiming

Claim

KLE im

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 10

To demand by or as if by a right

Weston claimed to have invented a new method for producing copper

Infinitive
claim to do [sth] (jactarse de)/ claim to be [sth] (asegurar ser)/ claim to have done [sth] (decir haber hecho algo)/ claim for [sth] (reclamar una indemnización)/ file a claim (presentar un reclamo)/ lay claim to (reclamar)/ stake your claim (reclamar el derecho de uno a)/ waive a claim (renunciar a un reclamo)

Question 11

decides, decided, deciding

Decide

di SAID

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 11

To conclude by awarding victory to one side

Lucy decided to do something about her messy hair

Infinitive
decide to [sth] (determinar)/ decide on (elegir)/ decide against (rechazar or choose not to)/ help [sb] decide (ayudarle a alguien a decidir)

Question 12

demands, demanded, demanding

Demand

di MAND

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 12

To ask for with authority

I demand to see the manager!

Infinitive
Demand attention (llamar la atención, behave in attention)/ demand payment (exigir el pago)/ make a demand (exigir o reclamar)

Question 13

deserves, deserved, deserving

Deserve

di ZeRV

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 13

To merit, be worthy of

A hard worker deserves to suceed

Infinitive
get what you deserve (recibir lo que se merece-good, recibir su merecido- bad)/ you deserve it (te lo mereces)

Question 14

expects, expected, expecting

Expect

EK spekt

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 14

To anticipate the occurrence or the coming of

One can hardly expect to see a vaccine being produced before next month

Infinitive
expect [sth] from [sb] (esperar algo de alguien)/ hardly expect (unreasonable anticipate, ser improbable, dificilmente)

Question 15

pretends, pretended, pretending

Pretend

pri TEND

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 15

To put forward a false appearance of

Veronica pretended to feed her dolls cake

Infinitive
pretend not to do (dissimulate, hacer como que)/ pretend to be (jugar a ser, pretender ser)

Question 16

refuses, refused, refusing

Refuse

ri FI us

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 16

To decline to accept, to deny

The child to refused to eat his spinach

Infinitive
refuse to accept (negarse a aceptar)/ refuse to acknowledge (negarse a reconocer)

Question 17

volunteers, volunteered, volunteering

Volunteer

VO lon tir

Infinitive or Gerund

Answer 17

a person who voluntarily offers himself for a service

we need volunteers to transcribe this manuscript

Infinitive

Question 18

Verbs followed by a gerund or infinitive with **no change in meaning

Answer 18

begin/ can’t bear/ can’t stand/ continue/ hate/ like/ love/ prefer/ propose/ start

bear (ber) soportar, aguantar, resistir (bears, bore, born, bearing)/ dar a luz/girar a/ bear yourself (comportarse)/ bear up (sobrellevar)/ bear [sb] out (apoyar a)/ bear down (pujar)/ bear down on (presionar hacia abajo, aplastar a)

Question 19

Verbs used followed by gerund or infinitive with a change in meaning

Answer 19

Forget / Go on / Quit / Regret / Remember/ Stop / Try

Question 20

Remember / Forget

ri MEM ber/ for GET

What is the difference between infinitive and gerund forms

Answer 20

Gerund: It means you forget or remember something you have done
Infinitive: There is something you need to do

I still remember being nervous on my first day of school/ Remember to call your mother tonight!
I’ll never forget seeing his face/ I forgot to bring my lunch today

Question 21

stops, stopped, stopping

Stop / Quit

sTOP

What is the difference between infinitive and gerund forms

Answer 21

Infinitive: I ended one activity and began another
Gerund: I don’t do that activity anymore, I temporarily ended the activity

I stopped to drink some coffe / I stopped drinking coffe / I stopped running when I got tired

Question 22

Go on

continue, endure

What is the difference between infinitive and gerund forms

Answer 22

Gerund: The activity continues
Infinitive: One action finishes and another action starts

She went on talking about her boyfriend - she didn’t stop!, I can’t go on living in this tiny house/ After talking about her boyfriend she went on to tell a joke (she changed activity)

Question 23

regrets, regretted, regretting

Regret

ri GRET

What is the difference between infinitive and gerund forms

Answer 23

Gerund: You feel sorry about something you did or not in the past
Infinitive: You regret something you are about to say

Arrepentirse / Lamentar

I regret telling you I was going to enter that singing competition!, You’ll regret not finishing university / We regret to inform you that your application has not been successful.

Question 24

tries, tried, trying

Try

trai

What is the difference between infinitive and gerund forms

Answer 24

Gerund: Your are trying something as a experiment to see if it works or not
Infinitive: Something is difficult but you are making an effort to do it

Have you tried turning the computer off and on again? / I’m trying to learn Japanese but it’s very difficult

Question 25

expressions followed by gerunds

Answer 25

Have fun or a good time/ have trouble or a tough time/ be busy/ worry about/ enjoy/ avoid/ don’t mind/ insist on/ feel like/ be into

She had fun arranging the party, he has a tough time getting his assignments in on time, He’s busy cooking dinner, she never worries about cleaning up, I enjoy going to parties where i don’t know everyone, I avoid expressing my feelings, I don’t mind giving up my time to help other people, I insist on making my own decisions, I always feel like going dancing, I’m into going out to new foreign restaurants

Question 26

Personality collocations

Answer 26

friendly & outgoing/ strong & independent/ laid-back & relaxed/ kind & gererous/ honest & sincere/ shy & reserved/ wild & crazy/ calm & cool/ neat & tidy

neat & tidy: pulcro y organizado

Question 27

Types of families

Answer 27

two-income family, extended family, nuclear family

Question 28

Compound family terms

Answer 28

in-law / great- or grand- / great-grand… / great-great-grand…

spouse’s family / family member - abuelo / bis-family member/ tatara-family member

Question 29

Expressions & examples

Noun clauses after be

Has a noun and a verb but doesn’t express a complete thought

Answer 29

The downside of / The hard part about / The trick to / One difficulty with / The secret to / The good thing about / The upside of / The only thing about / The only trouble with / The big advantage of

Expressions + gerunds + verb to be + noun clause.

The downside of sharing a bedroom is it’s hard to have any privacy.
One difficulty with being the youngest is everyone is always telling you what to do.
The upside of a large family is you always have someone to spend time with.

Question 30

What is?

Topic Sentence

Answer 30

Is the main idea usually found in the first sentence of the paragraph