Mistakes 4

Question 1

noble gas configuration (3)

Answer 1

(1) aka noble gas notation (2) the element symbol of the last noble gas prior to that atom, in brackets, substitutes for the e- configuration up to that point (3) an abbreviated form of e- configuration

Question 2

significance of s and p subshells

Answer 2

organic chemistry, the chemistry of carbon-containing compounds, which are central to biology, involve interactions mostly in the s and p domains. So, these are the most important subshell types to be familiar with.

Question 3

Bohr model (3)

Answer 3

(1) electrons are drawn in orbits rather than orbitals (2) useful to explain reactivity and chemical bonding but (3) doesn’t give a very accurate depiction of how electrons are distributed in space around the nucleus

Question 4

drawing a lewis diagram (#8)

Answer 4

(8) evaluate for formal charge and possible other shapes, in order to determine the applicability of the Lewis structure

Question 5

acid vs base, regular definition (3)

Answer 5

(1) the former contains an excess of H+ ions (2) the latter contains an excess of OH- ions (3) or dissociates into such ions in solution

Question 6

Balancing redox in acidic solution

Answer 6

After you balance O and H, then you add electrons

Question 7

titration procedure (3)

Answer 7

the scientist (1) mixes the solution with excess titrant (2) filters and dries the precipitate (3) weighs the precipitate, subtracting the mass of the filter paper from the total mass

Question 8

qualities of polymeric solids

Answer 8

most are semicrystalline, meaning they contain both crystalline and amorphous regions

Question 9

electron affinity (2)

Answer 9

(1) how much energy is released if we add an e- to a neutral version of a given element (2) elements that are high in this, are prone to accept e-

Question 10

sigma bond, qualities (2)

Answer 10

(1) there is free rotation about a sigma bond (2) which leads to different conformations, ie shapes, of the molecule

Question 11

referencing e- affinity (2)

Answer 11

(1) when energy is released, e- affinity is said by convention to be negative (2) so a very negative e- affinity, and a high e- affinity, mean the same thing

Question 12

caveat to e- affinity (2)

Answer 12

(1) in a given subshell, e- fill unfilled orbitals before completing partially filled ones (2) this causes minor variations/exceptions to the overall periodic trend for e- affinity

Question 13

electron shielding (3)

Answer 13

(1) aka e- screening (2) the effect of inner/core electrons repelling outer electrons, thus (3) decreasing the effective nuclear charge

Question 14

periodic trends (4)

Answer 14

(1) atomic radii (2) ionization energy (3) electron affinity (4) electronegativity (5) and effective nuclear charge

Question 15

resonance structures vs isomers

Answer 15

(1) the former is when Lewis diagrams differ in the distribution of electrons (2) the latter is when compounds differ in the arrangement of the atoms themselves

Question 16

steric number (3)

Answer 16

(1) sigma bonds plus lone pairs (2) determines molecular geometry, specifically the bond angle (3) determines the type of hybridization that occurs

Question 17

yield arrow (3)

Answer 17

(1) reactants go to the left of this, and products to the right of it (2) this is read as “yields” or (3) “reacts to form”

Question 18

reagent (2)

Answer 18

(1) a catalyst or titrant (2) sometimes used interchangeably with reactant, but that is incorrect

Question 19

OH- (2)

Answer 19

(1) aka “hydroxide”
(2) present in bases

Question 20

polarity (of a bond)

Answer 20

the difference in electronegativity between the two bonding atoms