Mischel

Question 1

What does CSLT stand for?

Answer 1

Cognitive Social Learning Theory

Question 2

What is CSLT?

Answer 2

Theory that stresses importance of personality, environment, mental representations of the world, and the process of learning

(Largely a cognitive model)

Question 3

What is the consistency paradox

Answer 3

We intuitively see people as consistent, but they aren’t

• behavior is largely situation specific

Question 4

Does CSLT expect behavior to be consistent across situations?

Answer 4

No. Depends on the reward/punishment in produces in that situation

Question 5

Why do we believe in the consistency of traits?

Answer 5

Because of self-fulfilling prophecy: out belief in traits makes use see people similarly

• It is in the eye of the beholder

Question 6

When is consistency expected?

Answer 6

1. If same behavior is reinforced across environments
2. If a person can’t discriminate between environments

Question 7

What are traits according to Mischel and Bandura?

Answer 7

Summary labels for multiple behavioral observations

TRAITS DO NOT EXPLAIN

Question 8

What is situation context for behavior?

Answer 8

Surrounding environment, circumstances, and social factors that influence and shape a person’s behavior at a given time (Person does X when Y)

ie. Grace will cry if she is too hot

Question 9

What is the personality coefficient

Answer 9

Represents the strength of the relationship between a measured personality trait and a specific outcome or behavior

Question 10

What is Hartshorne & May conclude about the correlation between traits and behavior?

Answer 10

Traits aren’t useful to psychologists who wish to describe an individual (people act differently in different environments)

Question 11

What are cognitive person variables?

Answer 11

Environment influences behavior but we also all interpret the environment differently

Question 12

What are encoding strategies?

Answer 12

Style of representing information, which is different between people

Question 13

What is a prototype?

Answer 13

A typical example of an object or type of person; a “fuzzy concept” typical of the categories people use in perceiving others

Question 14

What are competencies?

Answer 14

whether they know how (cognitive and behavioral)

Question 15

What are expectancies?

Answer 15

Subjective beliefs about what will happen in a particular situation

Question 16

What are the 3 types of expectancies?

Answer 16

1. Behavior Outcome: what will happen if a person behaves in a specific way?
2. Self-Efficacy: can I actually perform the desired behavior?
3. Stimulus Outcome: what does the environment predict and how will that influence my behavior?

Question 17

What are subjective values?

Answer 17

refers to the extent to which a person regards an outcome as desirable or undesirable—that is, a person’s goals or values

Question 18

What are self-regulatory systems and plans?

Answer 18

Ways that a person works on complicated behavior (helps us overcome stimulus control)

ie. distraction or delay gratification

Question 19

What is the ability to delay gratification called?

Answer 19

Ego strength
(opposite of impulsivity)

• ego strength is relatively stable starting at age 5